相應部42相應7經/如田地經(村長相應/處篇/如來記說)(莊春江譯)[SA.915]
有一次,
世尊住在那爛陀賣衣者的芒果園中。
那時,村長阿西邦大葛之子去見世尊。抵達後,向世尊
問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的村長阿西邦大葛之子對世尊說這個:「
大德!世尊住於
對一切活的生命類有憐愍的,不是嗎?」
「是的,村長!如來住於對一切活的生命類有憐愍的。」
「大德!那樣的話,為何世尊為某些人徹底地教導法,不為某些人像那樣徹底地教導法呢?」
「村長!那樣的話,就在這件事上我將反問你,你就如對你能接受的那樣回答它。村長!你怎麼想它:這裡,如果農夫
屋主有三塊田,一塊是最好的田,一塊是中等的田,一塊是下劣的荒地、含鹽的惡地田,村長!你怎麼想它:那位農夫屋主想要播種(住立種子),會在哪裡第一個播:在最好的那塊田?或在中等的那塊田?或在下劣的荒地、含鹽的惡地那塊田?」
「大德!那位農夫屋主想要播種,會播在最好的那塊田那裡,在那裡播後,會播在中等的那塊田那裡,在那裡播後,會播在下劣的荒地、含鹽的惡地那塊田那裡,或不會播,那是什麼原因?至少也將成為牛的食物。」
「村長!猶如那塊最好的田,對我,
比丘、比丘尼正是這樣。我為他們教導法:開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的;
有意義的、
有文字的法,我說明完全圓滿、
遍純淨的梵行。那是什麼原因?村長!因為這些住於以我為依靠、以我為庇護、以我為救護、以我為歸依。
村長!猶如那塊中等的田,對我,
優婆塞、
優婆夷正是這樣。我也為他們教導法:開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的;有意義的、有文字的法,我說明完全圓滿、遍純淨的梵行,那是什麼原因?村長!因為些住住於以我為依靠、以我為庇護、以我為救護、以我為歸依。
村長!猶如那塊下劣的荒地、含鹽的惡地田,對我,其他外道
沙門、
婆羅門遊行者們正是這樣。我也為他們教導法:開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的;有意義的、有文字的法,我說明完全圓滿、遍純淨的梵行,那是什麼原因?或許他們也會了知一句,那對他們會有長久的利益、安樂。
村長!猶如男子有三支水瓶:一支是無裂縫、不滲(不拿走)、不漏的水瓶,一支是無裂縫、會滲、會漏的水瓶,一支是有裂縫、會滲、會漏的水瓶,村長!你怎麼想它:那位男子想要放置水(裝水),會在哪裡第一個放置:在無裂縫、不滲、不漏的那支水瓶?或在無裂縫、會滲、會漏的那支水瓶?或在有裂縫、會滲、會漏的那支水瓶?」
「大德!那位男子想要放置水,會放置在無裂縫、不滲、不漏的那支水瓶那裡,在那裡放置後,會放置在無裂縫、會滲、會漏的那支水瓶那裡,在那裡放置後,會放置在有裂縫、會滲、會漏的那支水瓶那裡,或不會放置,那是什麼原因?至少也將成為物品的洗淨。」
「村長!猶如那支無裂縫、不滲、不漏的水瓶,對我,比丘、比丘尼正是這樣。我為他們教導法:開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的;有意義的、有文字的法,我說明完全圓滿、遍純淨的梵行,那是什麼原因?村長!因為這些住於以我為依靠、以我為庇護、以我為救護、以我為歸依。
村長!猶如那支無裂縫、會滲、會漏的水瓶,對我,優婆塞、優婆夷正是這樣。我也為他們教導法:開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的;有意義的、有文字的法,我說明完全圓滿、遍純淨的梵行,那是什麼原因?村長!因為這些住於以我為依靠、以我為庇護、以我為救護、以我為歸依。
村長!猶如那支有裂縫、會滲、會漏的水瓶,對我,其他外道沙門、婆羅門遊行者們正是這樣。我也為他們教導法:開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的;有意義的、有文字的法,我說明完全圓滿、遍純淨的梵行,那是什麼原因?或許他們也會了知一句,那對他們會有長久的利益、安樂。
在這麼說時,村長阿西邦大葛之子對世尊說這個:「太偉大了,大德!……(中略)從今天起
已終生歸依。」
SN.42.7. Khettūpamasuttaṃ
359. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “nanu, bhante, bhagavā sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatī”ti? “Evaṃ, gāmaṇi, tathāgato sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatī”ti. “Atha kiñcarahi, bhante, bhagavā ekaccānaṃ sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, ekaccānaṃ no tathā sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ desetī”ti? “Tena hi, gāmaṇi, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, idhassu kassakassa gahapatino tīṇi khettāni– ekaṃ khettaṃ aggaṃ, ekaṃ khettaṃ majjhimaṃ, ekaṃ khettaṃ hīnaṃ jaṅgalaṃ ūsaraṃ pāpabhūmi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, asu kassako gahapati bījāni patiṭṭhāpetukāmo kattha paṭhamaṃ patiṭṭhāpeyya, yaṃ vā aduṃ khettaṃ aggaṃ yaṃ vā aduṃ khettaṃ majjhimaṃ, yaṃ vā aduṃ khettaṃ hīnaṃ jaṅgalaṃ ūsaraṃ pāpabhūmī”ti? “Asu, bhante, kassako gahapati bījāni patiṭṭhāpetukāmo yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ aggaṃ tattha patiṭṭhāpeyya Tattha patiṭṭhāpetvā yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ majjhimaṃ tattha patiṭṭhāpeyya. Tattha patiṭṭhāpetvā yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ hīnaṃ jaṅgalaṃ ūsaraṃ pāpabhūmi tattha patiṭṭhāpeyyapi, nopi patiṭṭhāpeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Antamaso gobhattampi bhavissatī”ti.
“Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ aggaṃ; evameva mayhaṃ bhikkhubhikkhuniyo. Tesāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ete hi, gāmaṇi, maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃtāṇā maṃsaraṇā viharanti. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ majjhimaṃ; evameva mayhaṃ upāsaka-upāsikāyo. Tesaṃ pāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ete hi, gāmaṇi, maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃtāṇā maṃsaraṇā viharanti. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ hīnaṃ jaṅgalaṃ ūsaraṃ pāpabhūmi; evameva mayhaṃ aññatitthiyā samaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā Tesaṃ pāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Appeva nāma ekaṃ padampi ājāneyyuṃ taṃ nesaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā”ti.
“Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, purisassa tayo udakamaṇikā– eko udakamaṇiko acchiddo ahārī aparihārī, eko udakamaṇiko acchiddo hārī parihārī, eko udakamaṇiko chiddo hārī parihārī. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, asu puriso udakaṃ nikkhipitukāmo kattha paṭhamaṃ nikkhipeyya, yo vā so udakamaṇiko acchiddo ahārī aparihārī, yo vā so udakamaṇiko acchiddo hārī parihārī, yo vā so udakamaṇiko chiddo hārī parihārī”ti? “Asu, bhante, puriso udakaṃ nikkhipitukāmo, yo so udakamaṇiko acchiddo ahārī aparihārī tattha nikkhipeyya, tattha nikkhipitvā, yo so udakamaṇiko acchiddo hārī parihārī tattha nikkhipeyya, tattha nikkhipitvā, yo so udakamaṇiko chiddo hārī parihārī tattha nikkhipeyyapi, nopi nikkhipeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Antamaso bhaṇḍadhovanampi bhavissatī”ti.
“Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yo so udakamaṇiko acchiddo ahārī aparihārī; evameva mayhaṃ bhikkhubhikkhuniyo. Tesāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ete hi, gāmaṇi, maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃtāṇā maṃsaraṇā viharanti. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yo so udakamaṇiko acchiddo hārī parihārī; evameva mayhaṃ upāsaka-upāsikāyo. Tesāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ete hi, gāmaṇi, maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃtāṇā maṃsaraṇā viharanti. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yo so udakamaṇiko chiddo hārī parihārī; evameva mayhaṃ aññatitthiyā samaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā. Tesāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Appeva nāma ekaṃ padampi ājāneyyuṃ, taṃ nesaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā”ti. Evaṃ vutte, asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bhante …pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti. Sattamaṃ.