經號:   
   (SN.22.89 更新)
相應部22相應89經/差摩經(蘊相應/蘊篇/修多羅)(莊春江譯)[SA.103]
  有一次,眾多上座比丘住在憍賞彌瞿師羅園。
  當時,生病的、受苦的、重病的尊者差摩住在棗樹園。
  那時,上座比丘們傍晚時,從獨坐出來,召喚尊者陀裟:
  「來!陀裟學友!請你去見差摩比丘。抵達後,請你對差摩比丘這麼說:『差摩學友!上座們對你這麼說:「學友!是否能被你忍受?是否能被[你]維持生活?是否苦的感受減退、不增進,減退的結局被知道,非增進?」』」
  「是的,學友們!」尊者陀裟回答上座比丘們後,去見尊者差摩。抵達後,對尊者差摩說這個:「差摩學友!上座們對你這麼說:『學友!是否能被你忍受?……(中略)非增進?』」
  「學友!不能被我忍受,不能被[我]維持……(中略)增進的結局被知道,非減退。」
  那時,尊者陀裟去見上座比丘們。抵達後,對上座比丘們說這個:「學友們!差摩比丘這麼說:『學友!不能被我忍受……(中略)增進的結局被知道,非減退。』」
  「來!陀裟學友!請你去見差摩比丘。抵達後,請你對差摩比丘這麼說:『差摩學友!上座們對你這麼說:「學友!被世尊說的這些五取蘊,即:色取蘊、受取蘊、想取蘊、行取蘊、識取蘊,在這些五取蘊中有任何尊者差摩認為是我,或屬於我的嗎?」』」
  「是的,學友們!」尊者陀裟回答上座比丘們後,去見尊者差摩。抵達後……(中略)差摩學友!上座們對你這麼說:「學友!被世尊說的這些五取蘊,即:色取蘊……(中略)識取蘊,在這些五取蘊中有任何尊者差摩認為是我,或屬於我的嗎?」
  「學友!被世尊說的這些五取蘊,即:色取蘊……(中略)識取蘊,學友!在這些五取蘊中沒有任何我認為是我,或屬於我的。」
  那時,尊者陀裟去見上座比丘們。抵達後,對上座比丘們說這個:「學友們!差摩比丘這麼說:『學友!被世尊說的這些五取蘊,即:色取蘊……(中略)識取蘊,學友!在這些五取蘊中沒有任何我認為是我,或屬於我的。』」
  「來!陀裟學友!請你去見差摩比丘。抵達後,請你對差摩比丘這麼說:『差摩學友!上座們對你這麼說:「學友!被世尊說的這些五取蘊,即:色取蘊……(中略)識取蘊,如果在這些五取蘊中確實沒有任何尊者差摩認為是我,或屬於我的,那樣的話,尊者差摩是諸漏已滅盡的阿羅漢。」』」
  「是的,學友們!」尊者陀裟回答上座比丘們後,去見尊者差摩……(中略)差摩學友!上座們對你這麼說:「學友!被世尊說的這些五取蘊,即:色取蘊……(中略)識取蘊,如果在這些五取蘊中確實沒有任何尊者差摩認為是我,或屬於我的,那樣的話,那尊者差摩是諸漏已滅盡的阿羅漢。」
  「學友!被世尊說的這些五取蘊,即:色取蘊……(中略)識取蘊,學友!在這些五取蘊中沒有任何我認為是我,或屬於我的,但我不是諸漏已滅盡的阿羅漢。學友!此外,在五取蘊上『我是』被我到達,但我不認為『我是這個』。」
  那時,尊者陀裟去見上座比丘們……(中略)對上座比丘們說這個:「學友們!差摩比丘這麼說:『學友!被世尊說的這些五取蘊,即:色取蘊……(中略)識取蘊,學友!在這些五取蘊中沒有任何我認為是我,或屬於我的,但我不是諸漏已滅盡的阿羅漢。學友!此外,在五取蘊上「我是」被我到達,但我不認為「我是這個。」』」
  「來!陀裟學友!請你去見差摩比丘。抵達後,請你對差摩比丘這麼說:『差摩學友!上座們對你這麼說:「差摩學友!你說這個『我是』,什麼是你說的這個『我是』呢?你說色是『我是』嗎?你說除了色外是『我是』嗎?受……想……諸行……你說識是『我是』嗎?你說除了識外是『我是』嗎?差摩學友!你說這個『我是』,什麼是你說的這個『我是』呢?」』」
  「是的,學友們!」尊者陀裟回答上座比丘們後,去見尊者差摩。抵達後,對尊者差摩說這個:「差摩學友!上座們對你這麼說:『差摩學友!你說這個「我是」,什麼是你說的這個「我是」呢?你說色是「我是」嗎?你說除了色外是「我是」嗎?受……想……諸行……你說識是「我是」嗎?你說除了識外是「我是」嗎?差摩學友!你說這個「我是」,什麼是你說的這個「我是」呢?』」
  「夠了,陀裟學友!為何為這個來回走,學友!請你取拐杖來,我將去見上座比丘們。」
  那時,尊者差摩拄著拐杖後,去見上座比丘們。抵達後,與上座比丘們一起互相問候。交換應該被互相問候的友好交談後,在一旁坐下。上座比丘們對在一旁坐下的尊者差摩說這個:
  「差摩學友!你說這個『我是』,什麼是你說的這個『我是』呢?你說色是『我是』嗎?你說除了色外是『我是』嗎?受……想……諸行……你說識是『我是』嗎?你說除了識外是『我是』嗎?差摩學友!你說這個『我是』,什麼是你說的這個『我是』呢?」
  「學友們!我既不說色是『我是』,也不說除了色外是『我是』;不說受……不說想……不說諸行……我既不說識是『我是』,也不說除了識外是『我是』。學友們!此外,在五取蘊上『我是』被我到達,但我不認為『我是這個。』
  學友們!猶如青蓮,或紅蓮,或白蓮的香,凡這麼說,是『葉的香』,或『容色的香』,或『花蕊絲的香』,那位說者正確地說嗎?」
  「學友!這確實不是。」
  「學友們!那麼,如怎樣回答者會正確地回答?」
  「學友!是『花的香』,回答者會正確地回答。」
  「同樣的,學友們!我既不說色是『我是』,也不說除了色外是『我是』;不說受……不說想……不說諸行……我既不說識是『我是』,也不說除了識外是『我是』。學友們!此外,在五取蘊上『我是』被我到達,但我不認為『我是這個。』
  學友們!即使聖弟子的五下分結被捨斷,那時,他有:凡在五取蘊上殘留的『我是』之慢、『我是』之意欲、『我是』之煩惱潛在趨勢未被根除。他過些時候在五取蘊上住於隨看生滅的:『像這樣是色,像這樣是色的集起,像這樣是色的滅沒;像這樣是受……像這樣是想……像這樣是諸行……像這樣是識,像這樣是識的集起,這樣是識的滅沒。』當他在這些五取蘊上住於隨看生滅的時,凡他還有在五取蘊上殘留的『我是』之慢、『我是』之意欲、『我是』之煩惱潛在趨勢未被根除者,它也走到根除。
  學友們!猶如被污染、著垢的衣服,主人們將它交給洗濯者。那位洗濯者在鹽中,或在鹼中,或在牛糞中踩踏後,在清水中清洗。即使那件衣服變成遍純淨的、皎潔的,那時,它有:凡正是殘留的鹽味,或鹼味,或牛糞味未被根除。洗濯者將它給主人。主人們將它放在香味遍滿的箱中,凡它還有殘留的鹽味,或鹼味,或牛糞味未被根除者,它也走到根除。
  同樣的,學友們!即使聖弟子的五下分結被捨斷,那時,他有:凡在五取蘊上殘留的『我是』之慢、『我是』之意欲、『我是』之煩惱潛在趨勢未被根除。他過些時候在五取蘊上住於隨看生滅的:『像這樣是色,像這樣是色的集起,像這樣是色的滅沒;像這樣是受……像這樣是想……像這樣是諸行……像這樣是識,像這樣是識的集起,這樣是識的滅沒。』當他在這些五取蘊上住於隨看生滅的時,凡他還有在五取蘊上殘留的『我是』之慢、『我是』之意欲、『我是』之煩惱潛在趨勢未被根除者,它也走到根除。」
  在這麼說時,上座比丘們對尊者差摩說這個:
  「我們詢問尊者差摩,非惱害之期待,而是尊者差摩能詳細地(廣說地)告知、教導、使知、建立、開顯、解析、闡明那位世尊的教說。這件事,尊者差摩已詳細地告知、教導、使知、建立、開顯、解析、闡明那位世尊的教說。」
  尊者差摩說這個,悅意的上座比丘們歡喜尊者差摩所說。
  還有,在當這個解說被說時,約六十位上座比丘與尊者差摩的心,不執取後從諸被解脫。
SN.22.89/(7). Khemakasuttaṃ
   89. Ekaṃ samayaṃ sambahulā therā bhikkhū kosambiyaṃ viharanti ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā khemako badarikārāme viharati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho therā bhikkhū sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhitā āyasmantaṃ dāsakaṃ āmantesuṃ– “ehi tvaṃ, āvuso dāsaka, yena khemako bhikkhu tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā khemakaṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ vadehi– ‘therā taṃ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṃsu– kacci te, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’”ti? “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā dāsako therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṭissutvā yenāyasmā khemako tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ khemakaṃ etadavoca – “therā taṃ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṃsu– ‘kacci te, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ …pe… no abhikkamo’”ti? “Na me, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ …pe… abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo”ti.
   Atha kho āyasmā dāsako yena therā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā there bhikkhū etadavoca– “khemako, āvuso, bhikkhu evamāha– ‘na me, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ …pe… abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo’”ti. “Ehi tvaṃ, āvuso dāsaka, yena khemako bhikkhu tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā khemakaṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ vadehi– ‘therā taṃ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṃsu– pañcime, āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho, vedanupādānakkhandho, saññupādānakkhandho, saṅkhārupādānakkhandho, viññāṇupādānakkhandho Imesu āyasmā khemako pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassatī’”ti?
   “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā dāsako therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṭissutvā yenāyasmā khemako tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā …pe… therā taṃ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṃsu– “pañcime, āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho …pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Imesu āyasmā khemako pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassatī”ti? “Pañcime āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho …pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Imesu khvāhaṃ, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu na kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassāmī”ti.
   Atha kho āyasmā dāsako yena therā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā there bhikkhū etadavoca– “khemako, āvuso, bhikkhu evamāha– ‘pañcime, āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho …pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Imesu khvāhaṃ, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu na kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassāmī’”ti. “Ehi tvaṃ, āvuso dāsaka, yena khemako bhikkhu tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā khemakaṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ vadehi– ‘therā taṃ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṃsu– pañcime, āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho …pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho. No ce kirāyasmā khemako imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassati. Tenahāyasmā khemako arahaṃ khīṇāsavo’”ti.
   “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā dāsako therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṭissutvā yenāyasmā khemako …pe… therā taṃ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṃsu– “pañcime, āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho …pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho; no ce kirāyasmā khemako imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassati, tenahāyasmā khemako arahaṃ khīṇāsavo”ti. “Pañcime, āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho …pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Imesu khvāhaṃ, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu na kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassāmi na camhi arahaṃ khīṇāsavo; api ca me, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu ‘asmī’ti adhigataṃ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti na ca samanupassāmī”ti.
   Atha kho āyasmā dāsako yena therā bhikkhū …pe… there bhikkhū etadavoca– “khemako, āvuso, bhikkhu evamāha– pañcime, āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṃ– rūpupādānakkhandho …pe… viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Imesu khvāhaṃ, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu na kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassāmi, na camhi arahaṃ khīṇāsavo; api ca me āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu ‘asmī’ti adhigataṃ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti na ca samanupassāmī”ti.
   “Ehi tvaṃ, āvuso dāsaka, yena khemako bhikkhu tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā khemakaṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ vadehi– ‘therā taṃ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṃsu– yametaṃ, āvuso khemaka, asmīti vadesi, kimetaṃ asmīti vadesi? Rūpaṃ asmīti vadesi, aññatra rūpā asmīti vadesi, vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ asmīti vadesi, aññatra viññāṇā asmīti vadesi. Yametaṃ, āvuso khemaka, asmīti vadesi. Kimetaṃ asmīti vadesī’”ti?
   “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā dāsako therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paṭissutvā yenāyasmā khemako tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ khemakaṃ etadavoca– therā taṃ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṃsu – “yametaṃ, āvuso khemaka, ‘asmī’ti vadesi, kimetaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadesi? Rūpaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadesi aññatra rūpā ‘asmī’ti vadesi? Vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadesi aññatra viññāṇā ‘asmī’ti vadesi? Yametaṃ, āvuso khemaka, ‘asmī’ti vadesi, kimetaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadesi”ti? “Alaṃ, āvuso dāsaka, kiṃ imāya sandhāvanikāya! Āharāvuso, daṇḍaṃ; ahameva yena therā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamissāmī”ti.
   Atha kho āyasmā khemako daṇḍamolubbha yena therā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā therehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ khemakaṃ therā bhikkhū etadavocuṃ– “yametaṃ, āvuso khemaka, ‘asmī’ti vadesi, kimetaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadesi? Rūpaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadesi, aññatra rūpā ‘asmī’ti vadesi? Vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadesi, aññatra viññāṇā ‘asmī’ti vadesi? Yametaṃ, āvuso khemaka, ‘asmī’ti vadesi, kimetaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadesī”ti? “Na khvāhaṃ, āvuso, rūpaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadāmi; napi aññatra rūpā ‘asmī’ti vadāmi. Na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadāmi; napi aññatra viññāṇā ‘asmī’ti vadāmi. Api ca me, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu ‘asmī’ti adhigataṃ ‘ayamahamasmī’ti na ca samanupassāmi”.
   “Seyyathāpi, āvuso, uppalassa vā padumassa vā puṇḍarīkassa vā gandho. Yo nu kho evaṃ vadeyya– ‘pattassa gandho’ti vā ‘vaṇṇassa gandho’ti vā ‘kiñjakkhassa gandho’ti vā sammā nu kho so vadamāno vadeyyā”ti? “No hetaṃ, āvuso”. “Yathā kathaṃ, panāvuso, sammā byākaramāno byākareyyā”ti? “‘Pupphassa gandho’ti kho, āvuso, sammā byākaramāno byākareyyā”ti. “Evameva khvāhaṃ, āvuso, na rūpaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadāmi, napi aññatra rūpā ‘asmī’ti vadāmi. Na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ ‘asmī’ti vadāmi, napi aññatra viññāṇā ‘asmī’ti vadāmi. Api ca me, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu ‘asmī’ti adhigataṃ ‘ayamahamasmī’ti na ca samanupassāmi”.
   “Kiñcāpi, āvuso, ariyasāvakassa pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni pahīnāni bhavanti, atha khvassa hoti– ‘yo ca pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu anusahagato asmīti māno, asmīti chando, asmīti anusayo asamūhato. So aparena samayena pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassī viharati– iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Tassimesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassino viharato yopissa hoti pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu anusahagato ‘asmī’ti, māno ‘asmī’ti, chando ‘asmī’ti anusayo asamūhato, sopi samugghātaṃ gacchati.
   “Seyyathāpi āvuso, vatthaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ malaggahitaṃ. Tamenaṃ sāmikā rajakassa anupadajjuṃ. Tamenaṃ rajako ūse vā khāre vā gomaye vā sammadditvā acche udake vikkhāleti. Kiñcāpi taṃ hoti vatthaṃ parisuddhaṃ pariyodātaṃ, atha khvassa hoti yeva anusahagato ūsagandho vā khāragandho vā gomayagandho vā asamūhato. Tamenaṃ rajako sāmikānaṃ deti. Tamenaṃ sāmikā gandhaparibhāvite karaṇḍake nikkhipanti. Yopissa hoti anusahagato ūsagandho vā khāragandho vā gomayagandho vā asamūhato, sopi samugghātaṃ gacchati. Evameva kho, āvuso, kiñcāpi ariyasāvakassa pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni pahīnāni bhavanti, atha khvassa hoti yeva pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu anusahagato ‘asmī’ti, māno ‘asmī’ti, chando ‘asmī’ti anusayo asamūhato. So aparena samayena pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassī viharati. ‘Iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti. Tassa imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassino viharato yopissa hoti pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu anusahagato ‘asmī’ti, māno ‘asmī’ti, chando ‘asmī’ti anusayo asamūhato, sopi samugghātaṃ gacchatī”ti.
   Evaṃ vutte, therā bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ khemakaṃ etadavocuṃ– “na kho mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ khemakaṃ vihesāpekhā pucchimha, api cāyasmā khemako pahosi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ vitthārena ācikkhituṃ desetuṃ paññāpetuṃ paṭṭhapetuṃ vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuṃ. Tayidaṃ āyasmatā khemakena tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ vitthārena ācikkhitaṃ desitaṃ paññāpitaṃ paṭṭhapitaṃ vivaritaṃ vibhajitaṃ uttānīkatan”ti.
   Idamavoca āyasmā khemako. Attamanā therā bhikkhū āyasmato khemakassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanduṃ. Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne saṭṭhimattānaṃ therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsu, āyasmato khemakassa cāti. Sattamaṃ.
漢巴經文比對(莊春江作):
  「到達」(adhigataṃ),菩提比丘長老認為這「可能是由來已久的訛誤」(probably an old corruption),而提議改讀成「未離」(avigataṃ, has not yet vanished),並解說這是「有學」與「阿羅漢」的根本差異。「有學」人消除了「身見」,不會再「認為」(identifies)五蘊是我,但還留有「餘慢」與「欲」之「我是」(I am)觀念的「無明」尚未根除。這種差異,那些尚未證果的上座比丘不明白,但尊者差摩當時已經是證得「初果」的聖者(有些論師認為已證得「不還果」,有些認為已證得「一來果」),對此相當清楚,所以會有經文往下的發展。按:《顯揚真義》以「『我是』指,這樣被轉起的渴愛、慢被到達」(asmīti evaṃ pavattā taṇhāmānā adhigatā)解說。
  「容色的香」(vaṇṇassa gandho),菩提比丘長老採用錫蘭手抄版(vaṇṭassa gandho)英譯為「屬於莖的香味」(the scent belongs to the stalk),正好與北傳經文的「莖香」相同。