相應部22相應2經/天臂經(蘊相應/蘊篇/修多羅)(莊春江譯)[SA.108]
被我這麼聽聞:
有一次,
世尊住在釋迦族中名叫天臂的釋迦族城鎮。
那時,眾多去西部地方的
比丘去見世尊。抵達後,向世尊
問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的那些比丘對世尊說這個:
「
大德!我們想要去西部地方國土,準備在西部地方國土居住。」
「比丘們!那麼,舍利弗被你們求聽許了嗎?」
「大德!
尊者舍利弗沒被我們求聽許。」
「比丘們!請你們向舍利弗求聽許,比丘們!舍利弗是賢智者、同梵行比丘們的助益者。」
「是的,
大德!」那些比丘回答世尊。
當時,尊者舍利弗坐在離世尊不遠某個肉桂樹叢下。
那時,那些比丘歡喜、隨喜世尊所說後,從座位起來、向世尊問訊、
作右繞後,去見尊者舍利弗。抵達後,與尊者舍利弗一起互相問候。交換應該被互相問候的友好交談後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的那些比丘對尊者舍利弗說這個:
「舍利弗
學友!我們想要去西部地方國土,準備在西部地方國土居住,
大師被我們求聽許了。」
「學友們!賢智的
剎帝利們、賢智的
婆羅門們、賢智的
屋主們、賢智的
沙門們是對到各國比丘的問題詢問者,學友們!因為賢智者們是人間的考察者:『那麼,尊者們的大師是論說什麼者?宣說什麼者?』是否你們諸位尊者的法被善聽聞、被善把握、被善作意、被善考慮(理解)、被以慧善貫通,如是當尊者們回答時,你們才
會是世尊的所說之說者,而且不會以不實的誹謗世尊,以及會
法隨法地回答,而任何如法的種種說不會來到應該被呵責處?」
「學友!我們會從遠處來到尊者舍利弗的面前,也為了能了知這個所說的義理,就請尊者舍利弗說明這個所說的義理,
那就好了!」
「學友們!那樣的話,請你們聽,請你們
好好作意,我將說。」
「是的,學友!」那些比丘回答尊者舍利弗。
尊者舍利弗說這個:
「學友們!賢智的剎帝利們……(中略)賢智的沙門們是對到各國比丘的問題詢問者,學友們!因為賢智者們是人間的考察者:『那麼,尊者們的大師是論說什麼者?宣說什麼者?』學友們!被這麼詢問,你們應該這麼回答:『
道友們!我們的大師是意欲貪之調伏的宣說者。』
學友們!在這麼回答時,賢智的剎帝利們、賢智的婆羅門們、賢智的屋主們、賢智的沙門們還會是更進一步問題的詢問者,學友們!因為賢智者們是人間的考察者:『那麼,尊者們的大師是在什麼上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者?』
學友們!被這麼詢問,你們應該這麼回答:『道友們!大師是在色上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者,在受上……在想上……在諸行上……大師是在識上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者。』
學友們!在這麼回答時,賢智的剎帝利們、賢智的婆羅門們、賢智的屋主們、賢智的沙門們還會是更進一步問題的詢問者,學友們!因為賢智者們是人間的考察者:『那麼,看見什麼
過患後,尊者們的大師是在色上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者,在受上……在想上……在諸行上……大師是在識上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者?』
學友們!被這麼詢問,你們應該這麼回答:『道友們!在色上未離貪、未離意欲、未離情愛、未離渴望、未離熱惱、未離渴愛者,從那個色的變易變異,愁、悲、苦、憂、
絕望生起。
在受上……在想上……在諸行上未離貪……(中略)未離渴愛者,從那個諸行的變易變異,愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望生起。在識上未離貪、未離意欲、未離情愛、未離渴望、未離熱惱、未離渴愛者,從那個識的變易變異,愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望生起。
學友們!看見這個過患後,我們的大師是在色上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者,在受上……在想上……在諸行上……大師是在識上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者。』
學友們!在這麼回答時,賢智的剎帝利們、賢智的婆羅門們、賢智的屋主們、賢智的沙門們還會是更進一步問題的詢問者,學友們!因為賢智者們是人間的考察者:『那麼,看見什麼效益後,尊者們的大師是在色上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者,在受上……在想上……在諸行上……大師是在識上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者?』
學友們!被這麼詢問,你們應該這麼回答:『道友們!在色上離貪、離意欲、離情愛、離渴望、離熱惱、離渴愛者,從那個色的變易變異,愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望不生起。
在受上……在想上……在諸行上離貪、離意欲、離情愛、離渴望、離熱惱、離渴愛者,從那個諸行的變易變異,愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望不生起。在識上離貪、離意欲、離情愛、離渴望、離熱惱、離渴愛者,從那個識的變易變異,愁、悲、苦、憂、絕望不生起。
學友們!看見這個效益後,我們的大師是在色上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者,在受上……在想上……在諸行上……大師是在識上意欲貪之調伏的宣說者。』
學友們!如果
進入後住於不善法者在當生有樂住處,不惱害、不絕望、不熱惱,以身體的崩解,死後
善趣能被預期,世尊不會稱讚捨斷這不善法,學友們!但因為進入後住於不善法者在當生有苦的住處,有惱害、有絕望、有熱惱,以身體的崩解,死後
惡趣能被預期,因此世尊稱讚捨斷這不善法。
學友們!如果進入後住於善法者當生有苦住處,有惱害、有絕望、有熱惱,以身體的崩解,死後惡趣能被預期,世尊不會稱讚這善法的具足,學友們!但因為進入後住於善法者當生有樂住處,不惱害、不絕望、不熱惱,以身體的崩解,死後善趣能被預期,因此世尊稱讚這善法的具足。」
尊者舍利弗說這個,那些悅意的比丘歡喜尊者舍利弗所說。
SN.22.2/(2). Devadahasuttaṃ
2. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati devadahaṃ nāma sakyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho sambahulā pacchābhūmagamikā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “icchāma mayaṃ, bhante, pacchābhūmaṃ janapadaṃ gantuṃ, pacchābhūme janapade nivāsaṃ kappetun”ti.
“Apalokito pana vo, bhikkhave, sāriputto”ti? “Na kho no, bhante, apalokito āyasmā sāriputto”ti. “Apaloketha, bhikkhave, sāriputtaṃ. Sāriputto, bhikkhave, paṇḍito, bhikkhūnaṃ anuggāhako sabrahmacārīnan”ti. “Evaṃ bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ.
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato avidūre aññatarasmiṃ eḷagalāgumbe nisinno hoti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavocuṃ– “icchāma mayaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, pacchābhūmaṃ janapadaṃ gantuṃ, pacchābhūme janapade nivāsaṃ kappetuṃ. Apalokito no satthā”ti.
“Santi hāvuso, nānāverajjagataṃ bhikkhuṃ pañhaṃ pucchitāro– khattiyapaṇḍitāpi brāhmaṇapaṇḍitāpi gahapatipaṇḍitāpi samaṇapaṇḍitāpi. Paṇḍitā hāvuso, manussā vīmaṃsakā– ‘kiṃvādī panāyasmantānaṃ satthā kimakkhāyīti, kacci vo āyasmantānaṃ dhammā sussutā suggahitā sumanasikatā sūpadhāritā suppaṭividdhā paññāya, yathā byākaramānā āyasmanto vuttavādino ceva bhagavato assatha, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkheyyātha, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākareyyātha, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgaccheyyā’”ti?
“Dūratopi kho mayaṃ, āvuso, āgaccheyyāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ. Sādhu vatāyasmantaṃyeva sāriputtaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho”ti. “Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca–
“Santi hāvuso, nānāverajjagataṃ bhikkhuṃ pañhaṃ pucchitāro– khattiyapaṇḍitāpi …pe… samaṇapaṇḍitāpi. Paṇḍitā hāvuso, manussā vīmaṃsakā – ‘Kiṃvādī panāyasmantānaṃ satthā kimakkhāyī’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, āvuso, evaṃ byākareyyātha– ‘chandarāgavinayakkhāyī kho no, āvuso, satthā’”ti.
“Evaṃ byākatepi kho, āvuso, assuyeva uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchitāro– khattiyapaṇḍitāpi …pe… samaṇapaṇḍitāpi. Paṇḍitā hāvuso, manussā vīmaṃsakā– ‘kismiṃ panāyasmantānaṃ chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, āvuso, evaṃ byākareyyātha– ‘rūpe kho, āvuso, chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā, vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā’”ti.
“Evaṃ byākatepi kho, āvuso, assuyeva uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchitāro– khattiyapaṇḍitāpi …pe… samaṇapaṇḍitāpi. Paṇḍitā hāvuso, manussā vīmaṃsakā– ‘kiṃ panāyasmantānaṃ ādīnavaṃ disvā rūpe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā, vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, āvuso, evaṃ byākareyyātha– ‘rūpe kho, āvuso avigatarāgassa avigatachandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa avigatataṇhassa tassa rūpassa vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu avigatarāgassa …pe… avigatataṇhassa tesaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā. Viññāṇe avigatarāgassa avigatachandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa avigatataṇhassa tassa viññāṇassa vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā. Idaṃ kho no, āvuso, ādīnavaṃ disvā rūpe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā, vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā’”ti.
“Evaṃ byākatepi kho, āvuso, assuyeva uttariṃ pañhaṃ pucchitāro– khattiyapaṇḍitāpi brāhmaṇapaṇḍitāpi gahapatipaṇḍitāpi samaṇapaṇḍitāpi. Paṇḍitā hāvuso, manussā vīmaṃsakā– ‘kiṃ panāyasmantānaṃ ānisaṃsaṃ disvā rūpe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā, vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe āvuso, evaṃ byākareyyātha– ‘rūpe kho, āvuso, vigatarāgassa vigatachandassa vigatapemassa vigatapipāsassa vigatapariḷāhassa vigatataṇhassa tassa rūpassa vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā nuppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā. Vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu vigatarāgassa vigatachandassa vigatapemassa vigatapipāsassa vigatapariḷāhassa vigatataṇhassa tesaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā nuppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā. Viññāṇe vigatarāgassa vigatachandassa vigatapemassa vigatapipāsassa vigatapariḷāhassa vigatataṇhassa tassa viññāṇassa vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā nuppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā. Idaṃ kho no, āvuso, ānisaṃsaṃ disvā rūpe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā, vedanāya… saññāya… saṅkhāresu… viññāṇe chandarāgavinayakkhāyī satthā’”ti.
“Akusale cāvuso, dhamme upasampajja viharato diṭṭhe ceva dhamme sukho vihāro abhavissa avighāto anupāyāso apariḷāho, kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugati pāṭikaṅkhā, nayidaṃ bhagavā akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānaṃ vaṇṇeyya. Yasmā ca kho, āvuso, akusale dhamme upasampajja viharato diṭṭhe ceva dhamme dukkho vihāro savighāto sa-upāyāso sapariḷāho, kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā, tasmā bhagavā akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānaṃ vaṇṇeti.
“Kusale cāvuso, dhamme upasampajja viharato diṭṭhe ceva dhamme dukkho vihāro abhavissa savighāto sa-upāyāso sapariḷāho, kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā, nayidaṃ bhagavā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadaṃ vaṇṇeyya. Yasmā ca kho, āvuso, kusale dhamme upasampajja viharato diṭṭhe ceva dhamme sukho vihāro avighāto anupāyāso apariḷāho, kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugati pāṭikaṅkhā, tasmā bhagavā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadaṃ vaṇṇetī”ti.
Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Dutiyaṃ.