相應部12相應28經/比丘經(因緣相應/因緣篇/修多羅)(莊春江譯)[SA.355]
住在舍衛城……(中略)在那裡……(中略)。
「比丘們!這裡,
比丘知道老死,知道老死集,知道老死滅,知道導向老死
滅道跡;知道生……(中略)知道有……知道取……知道渴愛……知道受……知道觸……知道六處……知道名色……知道識……知道諸行,知道行集,知道行滅,知道導向行滅道跡。
比丘們!而什麼是老死?凡一一那些眾生中,以一一那個眾生部類的老、老衰、齒落、髮白、皮皺、壽命的衰退、諸根的退化,這被稱為老。凡一一那些眾生中,以一一那個眾生部類的過世、滅亡、崩解、消失、死亡、壽終、諸蘊的崩解、屍體的捨棄[、
命根斷絕-MN.9, 92段],這被稱為死。像這樣,這個老與這個死,比丘們!這被稱為老死。以生集而有老死集(而老死集存在),以生滅有老死滅,這
八支聖道就是導向老死
滅道跡,即:正見……(中略)正定。
比丘們!而什麼是生?……(中略)比丘們!而什麼是有?……比丘們!而什麼是取?[……渴愛]……受……觸……六處……名色……識……比丘們!而什麼是諸行?比丘們!有這些三行:身行、語行、心行,比丘們!這些被稱為諸行。以無明集而有行集,以無明滅有行滅,這八支聖道就是導向行滅道跡,即:正見……(中略)正定。
比丘們!當比丘這麼知道老死,這麼知道老死集,這麼知道老死滅,這麼知道導向老死滅道跡;這麼知道生……(中略)有……取……渴愛……受……觸……六處……名色……識……諸行……行集……行滅,這麼知道導向行滅道跡,比丘們!這位比丘被稱為『
見具足者』,及『
看見具足者』,及『來到這正法者』,及『他看見這正法』,及『具備
有學之智者』,及『具備有學之明者』,及『進入法流者』,及『
洞察慧之聖者』,及『他敲打
不死之門後住立』。」
SN.12.28/(8). Bhikkhusuttaṃ
28. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “tatra kho …pe… idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jarāmaraṇaṃ pajānāti, jarāmaraṇasamudayaṃ pajānāti, jarāmaraṇanirodhaṃ pajānāti, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti, jātiṃ pajānāti …pe… bhavaṃ pajānāti… upādānaṃ pajānāti… taṇhaṃ pajānāti… vedanaṃ pajānāti… phassaṃ pajānāti… saḷāyatanaṃ pajānāti… nāmarūpaṃ pajānāti… viññāṇaṃ pajānāti… saṅkhāre pajānāti, saṅkhārasamudayaṃ pajānāti saṅkhāranirodhaṃ pajānāti, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti.
“Katamañca, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko– ayaṃ vuccati jarā. Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo; idaṃ vuccati maraṇaṃ. Iti ayaṃ ca jarā idañca maraṇaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ. Jātisamudayā jarāmaraṇasamudayo; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho. Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.
“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti …pe… katamo ca, bhikkhave, bhavo… katamañca, bhikkhave, upādānaṃ… vedanā… phasso… saḷāyatanaṃ… nāmarūpaṃ… viññāṇaṃ….
“Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā? Tayome, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā– kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā. Avijjāsamudayā saṅkhārasamudayo; avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho. Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅkhāranirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.
“Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ jarāmaraṇaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇasamudayaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇanirodhaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jātiṃ pajānāti …pe… bhavaṃ… upādānaṃ… taṇhaṃ… vedanaṃ… phassaṃ… saḷāyatanaṃ… nāmarūpaṃ… viññāṇaṃ saṅkhāre… saṅkhārasamudayaṃ… saṅkhāranirodhaṃ… evaṃ saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, passati imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṃ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipī”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.