中部64經/瑪魯迦大經(比丘品[7])(莊春江譯)[MA.205]
被我這麼聽聞:
有一次,
世尊住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園。
在那裡,世尊召喚比丘們:「
比丘們!」
「
尊師!」那些比丘回答世尊。
世尊說這個:
「比丘們!你們憶持被我教導的
五下分結嗎?」
在這麼說時,
尊者瑪魯迦之子對世尊說這個:「大德!我憶持被世尊教導的五下分結。」
「瑪魯迦之子!那麼,如怎樣你憶持被我教導的五下分結呢?」
「大德!我憶持
有身見是被世尊教導的下分結;大德!我憶持疑是被世尊教導的下分結;大德!我憶持
戒禁取是被世尊教導的下分結;大德!我憶持
欲的意欲是被世尊教導的下分結;大德!我憶持惡意是被世尊教導的下分結,大德!我這樣憶持被世尊教導的五下分結。」
「瑪魯迦之子!你憶持被誰教導這些這樣的五下分結?瑪魯迦之子!
其他外道遊行者們將以這幼兒譬喻的反駁
反駁,不是嗎?因為,年幼愚鈍仰臥的男童都沒有『有身』[的觀念],又從哪裡他的有身見將生起?僅他的有身見
煩惱潛在趨勢潛伏;因為,年幼愚鈍仰臥的男童都沒有『諸法』,又從哪裡在諸法上他的疑將生起?僅他的
疑煩惱潛在趨勢潛伏;因為,年幼愚鈍仰臥的男童都沒有『諸戒』,又從哪裡在諸戒上他的戒禁取將生起?僅他的戒禁取煩惱潛在趨勢潛伏;因為,年幼愚鈍仰臥的男童都沒有『諸欲』,又從哪裡在諸欲上他的欲的意欲將生起?僅他的
欲貪煩惱潛在趨勢潛伏;因為,年幼愚鈍仰臥的男童都沒有『諸眾生』,又從哪裡在諸眾生上他的惡意將生起?僅他的
惡意煩惱潛在趨勢潛伏,瑪魯迦之子!其他外道遊行者們將以這幼兒譬喻的反駁反駁,不是嗎?」
在這麼說時,尊者阿難對世尊說:(129)
「世尊!是為了這個的適當時機,善逝!是為了這個的適當時機,願世尊說五下分結,聽聞世尊的[教說]後,比丘們將會憶持。」
「阿難!那樣的話,你們要聽!你們
要好好作意!我將說。」
「是的,大德!」尊者阿難回答世尊。
世尊說這個:
「阿難!這裡,
未聽聞的一般人是聖者的未看見者,聖者法的不熟知者,在聖者法上未被教導者;是善人的未看見者,
善人法的不熟知者,在善人法上未被教導者,以被有身見
纏縛的、被有身見征服的心而住,以及不如實知道已生起有身見的
出離,他的那個
達到力量的、未排除的有身見為下分結;以被疑纏縛的、被疑征服的心而住,以及不如實知道已生起疑的出離,他的那個達到力量的、未排除的疑為下分結;以被戒禁取纏縛的、被戒禁取征服的心而住,以及不如實知道已生起戒禁取的出離,他的那個達到力量的、未排除的戒禁取為下分結;以被欲貪纏縛的、被欲貪征服的心而住,以及不如實知道已生起欲貪的出離,他的那個達到力量的、未排除的欲貪為下分結;以被惡意纏縛的、被惡意征服的心而住,以及不如實知道已生起惡意的出離,他的那個達到力量的、未排除的惡意為下分結。(130)
阿難!而
有聽聞的聖弟子是聖者的看見者,聖者法的熟知者,在聖者法上被善教導者;是善人的看見者,善人法的熟知者,在善人法上被善教導者,以不被有身見纏縛的、不被有身見征服的心而住,以及如實知道已生起有身見的出離,他的那個
有煩惱潛在趨勢的有身見被捨斷;以不被疑纏縛的、不被疑征服的心而住,以及如實知道已生起疑的出離,他的那個有煩惱潛在趨勢的疑被捨斷;以不被戒禁取纏縛的、不被戒禁取征服的心而住,以及如實知道已生起戒禁取的出離,他的那個有煩惱潛在趨勢的戒禁取被捨斷;以不被欲貪纏縛的、不被欲貪征服的心而住,以及如實知道已生起欲貪的出離,他的那個有煩惱潛在趨勢的欲貪被捨斷;以不被惡意纏縛的、不被惡意征服的心而住,以及如實知道已生起惡意的出離,他的那個有煩惱潛在趨勢的惡意被捨斷。(131)
阿難!凡道、凡道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷,『不經由那個道、那個道跡將知道,或將看見,或將捨斷五下分結。』
這不存在可能性。阿難!猶如住立著的、有心材的大樹,『不切開外皮後、不切開皮層後將有心材的切斷。』這不存在可能性。同樣的,阿難!凡道、凡道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷,『不經由那個道、那個道跡將知道,或將看見,或將捨斷五下分結。』這不存在可能性。
阿難!凡道與凡道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷,『經由那個道、那個道跡將知道,或將看見,或將捨斷五下分結。』這存在可能性。阿難!猶如住立著的、有心材的大樹,『切開外皮後、切開皮層後將有心材的切斷。』這存在可能性。同樣的,阿難!凡道、凡道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷,『經由那個道、那個道跡將知道,或將看見,或將捨斷五下分結。』這存在可能性。
阿難!猶如充滿水的、滿到邊緣的、能被烏鴉喝飲的恒河,那時,虛弱的男子到來:『我將以手臂橫向地切開這個恒河的水流後,平安地到彼岸。』他不能夠以手臂橫向地切開這個恒河的水流後,平安地到彼岸。同樣的,阿難!凡任何在對有身見滅被教導的法上心不躍入、不變得明淨、不住立、
不被解脫,他們就應該被看作猶如那位虛弱的男子。阿難!猶如充滿水的、滿到邊緣的、能被烏鴉喝飲的恒河,那時,有力氣的男子到來:『我將以手臂橫向切開這恒河的水流後,平安地到彼岸。』他能夠以手臂橫向切開這恒河的水流後,平安地到彼岸。同樣的,阿難!凡任何在對有身見滅被教導的法上心躍入、變得明淨、住立、被解脫,他們就應該被看作猶如那位有力氣的男子。(132)
阿難!而什麼是道,什麼是道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷呢?阿難!這裡,比丘
從依著的遠離,從惡不善法的捨斷,從一切身粗重的安息,就從離諸欲後,從離諸不善法後,
進入後住於有尋、
有伺,
離而生喜、樂的初禪,在那裡,任何是色之類的、受之類的、想之類的、行之類的、
識之類的,他看那些法為無常的、苦的、病的、腫瘤的、箭的、禍的、疾病的、
另一邊的、敗壞的、空的、無我的,他使心從那些法脫離;他使心從那些法脫離後,心集中在
不死界上:『這是寂靜的,這是勝妙的,即:
一切行的止、一切
依著的
斷念、渴愛的滅盡、
離貪、
滅、涅槃。』在那裡住立的他到達諸漏的滅盡。如果仍以那個法貪、
以那個法歡喜沒達到諸漏的滅盡,以五下分結的滅盡,成為
化生者,在那裡入了究竟涅槃,為不從那個世間返還者。阿難!這是道,這是道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷。
再者,阿難!比丘從尋與伺的平息……(中略)第二禪……(中略)的第三禪……(中略)第四禪……(中略)在那裡,任何是色之類的、受之類的、想之類的、行之類的、識之類的……(中略)為不從那個世間返還者。阿難!這也是道,這是道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷。
再者,阿難!比丘
從一切色想的超越,從
有對想的滅沒,從不作意種種想[而知]:『虛空是無邊的』,進入後住於虛空無邊處,在那裡,任何是受之類、想之類、行之類、識之類的……(中略)為不從那個世間返還者。阿難!這也是道,這是道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷。
再者,阿難!比丘超越一切虛空無邊處後[而知]:『識是無邊的』,進入後住於識無邊處,在那裡,任何是受之類、想之類、行之類、識之類的……(中略)為不從那個世間返還者。阿難!這也是道,這是道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷。
再者,阿難!比丘超越一切識無邊處後[而知]:『什麼都沒有』,進入後住於
無所有處,在那裡,任何是受之類、想之類、行之類、識之類的……(中略)為不從那個世間返還者。阿難!這也是道,這是道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷。」
「大德!如果這是道,這是道跡:為了五下分結的捨斷,那麼,那樣的話,為何這裡某些比丘是
心解脫者,某些比丘是
慧解脫者?」
「阿難!那麼,在這裡,我說,這是
根差別性。」
世尊說這個,悅意的尊者阿難歡喜世尊的所說。(133)
瑪魯迦大經第四終了。
MN.64/(4) Mahāmālukyasuttaṃ
129. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca– “dhāretha no tumhe, bhikkhave, mayā desitāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanānī”ti?
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mālukyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “ahaṃ kho, bhante, dhāremi bhagavatā desitāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanānī”ti. “Yathā kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, dhāresi mayā desitāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanānī”ti? “Sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ desitaṃ dhāremi; vicikicchaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ desitaṃ dhāremi; sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ desitaṃ dhāremi; kāmacchandaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ desitaṃ dhāremi; byāpādaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ desitaṃ dhāremi. Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, dhāremi bhagavatā desitāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanānī”ti.
“Kassa kho nāma tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, imāni evaṃ pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni desitāni dhāresi? Nanu, mālukyaputta aññatitthiyā paribbājakā iminā taruṇūpamena upārambhena upārambhissanti? Daharassa hi, mālukyaputta, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa sakkāyotipi na hoti, kuto panassa uppajjissati sakkāyadiṭṭhi? Anusetvevassa sakkāyadiṭṭhānusayo. Daharassa hi, mālukyaputta, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa dhammātipi na hoti, kuto panassa uppajjissati dhammesu vicikicchā? Anusetvevassa vicikicchānusayo. Daharassa hi, mālukyaputta, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa sīlātipi na hoti, kuto panassa uppajjissati sīlesu sīlabbataparāmāso? Anusetvevassa sīlabbataparāmāsānusayo Daharassa hi, mālukyaputta, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa kāmātipi na hoti, kuto panassa uppajjissati kāmesu kāmacchando? Anusetvevassa kāmarāgānusayo. Daharassa hi, mālukyaputta, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa sattātipi na hoti, kuto panassa uppajjissati sattesu byāpādo? Anusetvevassa byāpādānusayo. Nanu, mālukyaputta, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā iminā taruṇūpamena upārambhena upārambhissantī”ti? Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “etassa, bhagavā, kālo, etassa, sugata, kālo yaṃ bhagavā pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni deseyya. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti. “Tena hānanda, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca–
130. “Idhānanda assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto sakkāyadiṭṭhipariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati sakkāyadiṭṭhiparetena; uppannāya ca sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa sā sakkāyadiṭṭhi thāmagatā appaṭivinītā orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ. Vicikicchāpariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati vicikicchāparetena; uppannāya ca vicikicchāya nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa sā vicikicchā thāmagatā appaṭivinītā orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ. Sīlabbataparāmāsapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati sīlabbataparāmāsaparetena; uppannassa ca sīlabbataparāmāsassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa so sīlabbataparāmāso thāmagato appaṭivinīto orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ. Kāmarāgapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati kāmarāgaparetena uppannassa ca kāmarāgassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa so kāmarāgo thāmagato appaṭivinīto orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ. Byāpādapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati byāpādaparetena; uppannassa ca byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Tassa so byāpādo thāmagato appaṭivinīto orambhāgiyaṃ saṃyojanaṃ.
131. “Sutavā ca kho, ānanda, ariyasāvako ariyānaṃ dassāvī ariyadhammassa kovido ariyadhamme suvinīto, sappurisānaṃ dassāvī sappurisadhammassa kovido sappurisadhamme suvinīto na sakkāyadiṭṭhipariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati na sakkāyadiṭṭhiparetena; uppannāya ca sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa sā sakkāyadiṭṭhi sānusayā pahīyati. Na vicikicchāpariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati na vicikicchāparetena; uppannāya ca vicikicchāya nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa sā vicikicchā sānusayā pahīyati. Na sīlabbataparāmāsapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati na sīlabbataparāmāsaparetena; uppannassa ca sīlabbataparāmāsassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa so sīlabbataparāmāso sānusayo pahīyati. Na kāmarāgapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati na kāmarāgaparetena; uppannassa ca kāmarāgassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa so kāmarāgo sānusayo pahīyati Na byāpādapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā viharati na byāpādaparetena; uppannassa ca byāpādassa nissaraṇaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa so byāpādo sānusayo pahīyati.
132. “Yo, ānanda, maggo yā paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya taṃ maggaṃ taṃ paṭipadaṃ anāgamma pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni ñassati vā dakkhati vā pajahissati vāti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Seyyathāpi, ānanda, mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato tacaṃ acchetvā phegguṃ acchetvā sāracchedo bhavissatīti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati; evameva kho, ānanda, yo maggo yā paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya taṃ maggaṃ taṃ paṭipadaṃ anāgamma pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni ñassati vā dakkhati vā pajahissati vāti– netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
“Yo ca kho, ānanda, maggo yā paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya taṃ maggaṃ taṃ paṭipadaṃ āgamma pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni ñassati vā dakkhati vā pajahissati vāti– ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Seyyathāpi, ānanda, mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato tacaṃ chetvā phegguṃ chetvā sāracchedo bhavissatīti– ṭhānametaṃ vijjati; evameva kho, ānanda, yo maggo yā paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya taṃ maggaṃ taṃ paṭipadaṃ āgamma pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni ñassati vā dakkhati vā pajahissati vāti– ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Seyyathāpi, ānanda, gaṅgā nadī pūrā udakassa samatittikā kākapeyyā. Atha dubbalako puriso āgaccheyya– ‘ahaṃ imissā gaṅgāya nadiyā tiriyaṃ bāhāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gacchissāmī’ti; so na sakkuṇeyya gaṅgāya nadiyā tiriyaṃ bāhāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gantuṃ. Evameva kho, ānanda, yesaṃ kesañci sakkāyanirodhāya dhamme desiyamāne cittaṃ na pakkhandati nappasīdati na santiṭṭhati na vimuccati; seyyathāpi so dubbalako puriso evamete daṭṭhabbā. Seyyathāpi, ānanda, gaṅgā nadī pūrā udakassa samatittikā kākapeyyā. Atha balavā puriso āgaccheyya– ‘ahaṃ imissā gaṅgāya nadiyā tiriyaṃ bāhāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gacchissāmī’ti; so sakkuṇeyya gaṅgāya nadiyā tiriyaṃ bāhāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gantuṃ. Evameva kho, ānanda, yesaṃ kesañci sakkāyanirodhāya dhamme desiyamāne cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati vimuccati; seyyathāpi so balavā puriso evamete daṭṭhabbā.
133. “Katamo cānanda, maggo, katamā paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya? Idhānanda, bhikkhu upadhivivekā akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānā sabbaso kāyaduṭṭhullānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So yadeva tattha hoti rūpagataṃ vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ te dhamme aniccato dukkhato rogato gaṇḍato sallato aghato ābādhato parato palokato suññato anattato samanupassati. So tehi dhammehi cittaṃ paṭivāpeti. So tehi dhammehi cittaṃ paṭivāpetvā amatāya dhātuyā cittaṃ upasaṃharati– ‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānan’ti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti; no ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī, anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, ānanda, maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya.
“Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā …pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So yadeva tattha hoti rūpagataṃ vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ… anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, ānanda, maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya.
“Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So yadeva tattha hoti vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ …pe… anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, ānanda, maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya.
“Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So yadeva tattha hoti vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ …pe… anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, ānanda, maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya.
“Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So yadeva tattha hoti vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ …pe… anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, ānanda, maggo ayaṃ paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāyā”ti.
“Eso ce, bhante, maggo esā paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya, atha kiñcarahi idhekacce bhikkhū cetovimuttino ekacce bhikkhū paññāvimuttino”ti? “Ettha kho panesāhaṃ, ānanda, indriyavemattataṃ vadāmī”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Mahāmālukyasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.