經號:   
   (中部52經 更新)
中部52經/八城人經(屋主品[6])(莊春江譯)[MA.217]
  被我這麼聽聞
  有一次尊者阿難住在毘舍離橡樹村。
  當時,八城人屋主第十正以某些應該被作的抵達華氏城。
  那時,八城人屋主第十到雞園去見某位比丘。抵達後,向那位比丘問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的八城人屋主第十對那位比丘說這個:
  「大德!尊者阿難現在住在哪裡?因為我們想要見那位尊者阿難。」
  「屋主!這位尊者阿難住在毘舍離橡樹村。」
  那時,八城人屋主第十在華氏城使那個應該被作的完成後,到毘舍離,到橡樹村去見尊者阿難。抵達後,向尊者阿難問訊後,在一旁坐下。(17)
  在一旁坐下的八城人屋主第十對尊者阿難說這個:
  「阿難大德!有一法被那位有知、有見的世尊、阿羅漢、遍正覺者[正確-AN.11.16]告知:於該處,住於不放逸的、熱心的、自我努力的比丘的未解脫的心被解脫,連同未遍盡滅的諸走到遍盡滅,以及到達未到達的無上軛安穩嗎?」
  「屋主!有一法被那位有知、有見的世尊、阿羅漢、遍正覺者告知:於該處,住於不放逸的、熱心的、自我努力的比丘的未解脫的心被解脫,連同未遍盡滅的諸漏走到遍盡滅,以及到達未到達的無上軛安穩。」
  「阿難大德!哪一法被那位有知、有見的世尊、阿羅漢、遍正覺者告知:於該處,住於不放逸的、熱心的、自我努力的比丘的未解脫的心被解脫,連同未遍盡滅的諸漏走到遍盡滅,以及到達未到達的無上軛安穩?」(18)
  「屋主!這裡,比丘就從離諸欲後,從離諸不善法後,進入後住於有尋、有伺離而生喜、樂的初禪,他像這樣深慮:『這個初禪也是被造作的、被思惟的。』他知道:『然而,凡任何被造作的、被思惟的都是無常的、滅法。』在那裡住立的他到達諸漏的滅盡。如果仍以那個法貪、以那個法歡喜沒達到諸漏的滅盡,以五下分結的滅盡,成為化生者,在那裡入了究竟涅槃,為不從那個世間返還者。這是一法被那位有知、有見的世尊、阿羅漢、遍正覺者告知:於該處,住於不放逸的、熱心的、自我努力的比丘的未解脫的心被解脫,連同未遍盡滅的諸漏走到遍盡滅,以及到達未到達的無上軛安穩。(19)
  再者,屋主!比丘從尋與伺的平息,自身內的明淨心的專一性,進入後住於無尋、無伺,定而生喜、樂的第二禪,他像這樣深慮:『這個第二禪也是被造作的、被思惟的。』……(中略)到達……無上軛安穩。
  再者,屋主!比丘從喜的褪去、住於平靜、有念正知、以身體感受樂,進入後住於聖者們告知凡那個『平靜的、具念的、安樂住的』第三禪,他像這樣深慮:『這個第三禪也是被造作的、被思惟的。』……(中略)到達……無上軛安穩。
  再者,屋主!比丘從樂的捨斷與從苦的捨斷,就在之前諸喜悅、憂的滅沒,進入後住於不苦不樂,平靜、念遍純淨的第四禪,他像這樣深慮:『這個第四禪也是被造作的、被思惟的。』……(中略)到達……無上軛安穩。
  再者,屋主!比丘以與慈俱行之心遍滿一方後而住,像這樣第二的,像這樣第三的,像這樣第四的,像這樣上下、橫向、到處,以對一切如對自己,以與慈俱行的、廣大的、變大的、無量的、無怨恨的、無瞋害的心遍滿全部世間後而住,他像這樣深慮:『這個慈心解脫也是被造作的、被思惟的。』他知道:『然而,凡任何被造作的、被思惟的都是無常的、滅法。』在那裡住立的他……(中略)到達……無上軛安穩。
  再者,屋主!比丘以與悲俱行之心……(中略)以與喜悅俱行之心……(中略)以與平靜俱行之心遍滿一方後而住,像這樣第二的,像這樣第三的,像這樣第四的,像這樣上下、橫向、到處,以對一切如對自己,以與平靜俱行的、廣大的、變大的、無量的、無怨恨的、無瞋害的心遍滿全部世間後而住,他像這樣深慮:『這個平靜心解脫也是被造作的、被思惟的。』他知道:『然而,凡任何被造作的、被思惟的都是無常的、滅法。』在那裡住立的他……(中略)到達……無上軛安穩。
  再者,屋主!比丘從一切色想的超越,從有對想的滅沒,從不作意種種想[而知]:『虛空是無邊的』,進入後住於虛空無邊處,他像這樣深慮:『這個虛空無邊處等至也是被造作的、被思惟的。』他知道:『然而,凡任何被造作的、被思惟的都是無常的、滅法。』在那裡住立的他……(中略)未達無上軛安穩他到達。
  再者,屋主!比丘超越一切虛空無邊處後[而知]:『識是無邊的』,進入後住於識無邊處,他像這樣深慮:『這個識無邊處等至也是被造作的、被思惟的。』他知道:『然而,凡任何被造作的、被思惟的都是無常的、滅法。』在那裡住立的他……(中略)到達……無上軛安穩。
  再者,屋主!比丘超越一切識無邊處後[而知]:『什麼都沒有』,進入後住於無所有處,他像這樣深慮:『這個無所有處等至也是被造作的、被思惟的。』他知道:『然而,凡任何被造作的、被思惟的都是無常的、滅法。』在那裡住立的他到達諸漏的滅盡。如果仍以那個法貪、以那個法歡喜沒達到諸漏的滅盡,以五下分結的滅盡,成為化生者、在那裡般涅槃者、不從那個世間返還者。這也是一法被那位有知、有見的世尊、阿羅漢、遍正覺者告知:於該處,住於不放逸的、熱心的、自我努力的比丘的未解脫的心被解脫,連同未遍盡滅的諸漏走到遍盡滅,以及到達未到達的無上軛安穩。」(20)
  在這麼說時,八城人屋主第十對尊者阿難說這個:
  「阿難大德!猶如只探求一個寶藏入口的男子一次就得到十一個寶藏入口。同樣的,大德!探求一個不死之門的我,一次就得到十一個不死之門。大德!猶如男子的屋舍有十一個門,在那個屋舍被燒時,能夠都以一一門使(作)自己平安。同樣的,大德!這十一個不死之門中,我將能夠都以一一不死之門使自己平安。大德!這些其他外道將遍求對老師的敬師費,又什麼理由我將不對尊者阿難作供養呢?」
  那時,八城人屋主第十使華氏城與毘舍離的比丘僧團聚集後,親手以勝妙的硬食、軟食款待、使滿足,以及使一一比丘各個以一套衣服使之穿上,又以三衣使尊者阿難裹上,並為尊者阿難建造[值]五百[貨幣]的住處。[AN.11.16](21)
  八城人經第二終了。
MN.52/(2) Aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṃ
   17. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati beluvagāmake. Tena kho pana samayena dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputtaṃ anuppatto hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro yena kukkuṭārāmo yena aññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– “kahaṃ nu kho, bhante, āyasmā ānando etarahi viharati? Dassanakāmā hi mayaṃ taṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandan”ti. “Eso, gahapati, āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati beluvagāmake”ti. Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputte taṃ karaṇīyaṃ tīretvā yena vesālī yena beluvagāmako yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
   18. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “atthi nu kho, bhante ānanda, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī”ti?
   “Atthi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī”ti.
   “Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī”ti?
   19. “Idha, gahapati, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘idampi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti, teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
   20. “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ …pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘idampi kho dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
   “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘idampi kho tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ …pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
   “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘idampi kho catutthaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
   “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho mettācetovimutti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito …pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
   “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā …pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho upekkhācetovimutti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
   “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito …pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
   “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇan’ti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito …pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
   “Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ayampi kho ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti, teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī”ti.
   21. Evaṃ vutte, dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca– “seyyathāpi, bhante ānanda, puriso ekaṃva nidhimukhaṃ gavesanto sakideva ekādasa nidhimukhāni adhigaccheyya; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhante, ekaṃ amatadvāraṃ gavesanto sakideva ekādasa amatadvārāni alatthaṃ bhāvanāya. Seyyathāpi, bhante, purisassa agāraṃ ekādasadvāraṃ, so tasmiṃ agāre āditte ekamekenapi dvārena sakkuṇeyya attānaṃ sotthiṃ kātuṃ; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhante, imesaṃ ekādasannaṃ amatadvārānaṃ ekamekenapi amatadvārena sakkuṇissāmi attānaṃ sotthiṃ kātuṃ. Imehi nāma, bhante, aññatitthiyā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesissanti, kimaṅgaṃ panāhaṃ āyasmato ānandassa pūjaṃ na karissāmī”ti Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputtakañca vesālikañca bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi, ekamekañca bhikkhuṃ paccekaṃ dussayugena acchādesi, āyasmantañca ānandaṃ ticīvarena acchādesi, āyasmato ca ānandassa pañcasatavihāraṃ kārāpesīti.
   Aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.
漢巴經文比對(莊春江作):
  「第十居士八城(MA.217)」,南傳作「八城人屋主第十」(dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro),「第十」是那位屋主的名字(原為形容辭轉為名詞)。
  「使…以一套衣服使之穿上」(dussayugena acchādesi),菩提比丘長老英譯為「贈一套衣服」(presented a pair of cloths)。
  「[值]五百[貨幣]的住處」(pañcasatavihāraṃ),菩提比丘長老英譯為「一個值五百的住處」(a dwelling worth five hundred),並說,這是指五百kahāpaṇa(貨幣),kahāpaṇa為當時貨幣標準單位。按:《破斥猶豫》等說,製作五百價格的茅廬之意(pañcasatagghanikaṃ paṇṇasālaṃ kāresīti attho, MN.52/AN.11.16),其註疏以「五百價格」解說「五百」(Pañca satāni aggho etassāti pañcasataṃ)。