中部42經/威樂若經(雙小品[5])(莊春江譯)[SA.1042]
被我這麼聽聞：
有一次，
世尊住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園。當時，威樂若的婆羅門
屋主們，正以某些應該被作的居住在舍衛城。威樂若的婆羅門屋主們聽聞：「
先生！釋迦人之子、從釋迦族出家的
沙門喬達摩住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園，又，對那位喬達摩
尊師，這樣的好名聲已傳播：『像這樣，那位世尊是
阿羅漢、
遍正覺者、
明行具足者、
善逝、
世間知者、
應該被調御人的無上調御者、
天-人們的大師、
佛陀、世尊。』他以證智自作證後，告知這個包括天、魔、梵的世間；包括沙門婆羅門，包括天-人的世代，他教導開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的；
有意義的、
有文字的法，他說明完全圓滿、
遍純淨的梵行。又，有像那樣阿羅漢的看見，
那就好了！」
那時，威樂若的婆羅門屋主們去見世尊。抵達後，一些向世尊
問訊後，在一旁坐下；一些與世尊一起互相問候。交換應該被互相問候的友好交談後，在一旁坐下；一些向世尊
合掌鞠躬後，在一旁坐下；一些在世尊的面前告知姓名後，在一旁坐下；一些沈默地在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的威樂若的婆羅門屋主們對世尊說這個：「喬達摩尊師！什麼因、什麼
緣，以那個，這裡一些眾生以身體的崩解，死後往生
苦界、
惡趣、
下界、地獄？又，喬達摩尊師！什麼因、什麼緣，以那個，這裡一些眾生以身體的崩解，死後往生
善趣、天界？」
「屋主們！非法行、非正行之因，這樣，這裡，一些眾生以身體的崩解，死後往生苦界、惡趣、下界、地獄；屋主們！以法行、以正行之因，這樣，這裡，一些眾生以身體的崩解，死後往生善趣、天界。」
「
大德！我們對這個被喬達摩尊師簡要地說的、未詳細地解析的義理，不詳細地了知義理，請喬達摩尊師為我們教導像這樣的法，如是，我們能對這個被喬達摩尊師簡要地說的、未詳細地解析的義理，詳細地了知義理，
那就好了！」「屋主們！那樣的話，你們要聽！你們要
好好作意！我將說。」「是的，先生！」威樂若的婆羅門屋主們回答世尊。世尊說這個：(444)
「屋主們！有三種以身非法行者、非正行者，有四種以語非法行者、非正行者，有三種以意非法行者、非正行者。
屋主們！而怎樣是三種以身非法行者、非正行者？屋主們！這裡，某人是殺生者、兇暴者、血手者、執著殺戮者、在
活的生命類上不來到同情者。又，是
未被給與的拿取者：凡那個……[MN.41]他人的他人財產資具，他是未被給與的拿取者被稱為偷盜。又，是
邪淫者：凡她是被母親守護者……是在像那樣者處性交者。屋主們！這樣是三種以身非法行者、非正行者。
屋主們！而怎樣是四種以語非法行者、非正行者？屋主們！這裡，某人是
妄語者：他到會堂，或……成為故意虛妄地說者。又，是
離間語者：從這裡聽聞後……作不和合言語的言說者。又，是
粗惡語者，凡那個粗暴的、苛刻的……是像這樣言語之說者。又，是
雜穢語者：不適當時機之說者……無節制的、伴隨無利益的。屋主們！這樣是四種以語非法行者、非正行者。
屋主們！而怎樣是三種以意非法行者、非正行者？屋主們！這裡，某人是
貪婪者……都是我的。又，是有瞋害心者、有憎惡之意向者：『願這些眾生被殺害、或……不要存在。』又，是邪見者，有顛倒見者：『沒有施與的[果報]，沒有祭祀的……以證智自作證後告知……。』屋主們！這樣是三種以意非法行者、非正行者。
屋主們！以這樣非法行、非正行之因，這樣，這裡，一些眾生以身體的崩解，死後往生苦界、惡趣、下界、地獄。(445)
屋主們！有三種以身法行者、正行者，有四種以語法行者、正行者，有三種以意法行者、正行者。
屋主們！而怎樣是三種以身法行者、正行者？屋主們！這裡，某人捨斷殺生後，是離殺生者，住於放下棍棒的、放下刀的、有羞恥的、來到同情的、
對一切活的生命類有憐愍的。捨斷未被給與的拿取後，是離未被給與的拿取者：凡那個……他人的……他不是未被給與的拿取者被稱為偷盜。捨斷邪淫後……不是在像那樣者處性交者。屋主們！這樣是三種以身法行者、正行者。
屋主們！而怎樣是四種以語法行者、正行者？屋主們！這裡，某人捨斷妄語後，是離妄語者：到會堂……（中略）不成為故意虛妄地說者。捨斷離間語後……（中略）作和合言語之說者。捨斷粗惡語後……是像這樣言語之說者。捨斷雜穢語後……在適當時機的、有理由的、有節制的、伴隨利益的。屋主們！這樣是四種以語法行者、正行者。
屋主們！而怎樣是三種以意法行者、正行者？屋主們！這裡，某人是不貪婪者：凡那個他人的他人財產資具，他不是貪求者：『啊！願凡他人的都是我的。』又，是無瞋害心者，無憎惡之意向者：『願這些眾生對自己保持無怨的、無惱害的、無苦惱的、有安樂的。』又，是正見者，無顛倒見者：『有布施，有供養……以證智自作證後告知……。』屋主們！這樣是三種以意法行者、正行者。
屋主們！這樣，以法行、以正行之因，這樣，這裡，一些眾生以身體的崩解，死後往生善趣、天界。(446)
屋主們！如果法行者、正行者希望：『啊！願我以身體的崩解，死後往生大財富
剎帝利們的共住狀態。』那麼，這存在可能性：凡他以身體的崩解，死後往生大財富的剎帝利們的共住狀態，那是什麼原因？因為像這樣，他是法行者、正行者。
屋主們！如果法行者、正行者希望：『啊！願我以身體的崩解，死後往生大財富婆羅門們的……往生大財富屋主們的共住狀態。』那麼，這存在可能性：凡他以身體的崩解，死後往生大財富的屋主們的共住狀態，那是什麼原因？因為像這樣，他是法行者、正行者。
屋主們！如果法行者、正行者希望：『啊！願我以身體的崩解，死後往生四大王天諸天們的共住狀態。』那麼，這存在可能性：凡他以身體的崩解，死後往生四大王天諸天們的共住狀態，那是什麼原因？因為像這樣，他是法行者、正行者。
屋主們！如果法行者、正行者希望：『啊！願我以身體的崩解，死後往生三十三天諸天的……焰摩天諸天的……兜率天諸天的……
化樂天諸天的……
他化自在天諸天的……往生梵眾天諸天們的共住狀態。』那麼，這存在可能性：凡他以身體的崩解，死後往生梵眾天諸天們的共住狀態，那是什麼原因？因為像這樣，他是法行者、正行者。
屋主們！如果法行者、正行者希望：『啊！願我以身體的崩解，死後往生光明諸天們的共住狀態。』那麼，這存在可能性：凡他以身體的崩解，死後往生光明諸天們的共住狀態，那是什麼原因？因為像這樣，他是法行者、正行者。
屋主們！如果法行者、正行者希望：『啊！願我以身體的崩解，死後往生少光天諸天的……無量光天諸天的……光音天諸天的……少淨天諸天的……無量淨天諸天的……遍淨天諸天的……廣果天諸天的……無煩天諸天的……無熱天諸天的……善見天諸天的……善現天諸天的……
阿迦膩吒天諸天的……虛空無邊處到達者諸天的……識無邊處到達者諸天的……
無所有處到達者諸天的……往生
非想非非想處到達者諸天們的共住狀態。』那麼，這存在可能性：凡他以身體的崩解，死後往生非想非非想處到達者諸天們的共住狀態，那是什麼原因？因為像這樣，他是法行者、正行者。
屋主們！如果法行者、正行者希望：『啊！願我以諸
漏的滅盡，以證智自作證後，在當生中
進入後住於無漏
心解脫、
慧解脫。』那麼，這存在可能性：凡他以諸漏的滅盡，以證智自作證後，在當生中進入後住於無漏心解脫、慧解脫，那是什麼原因？因為像這樣，他是法行者、正行者。」(447)
在這麼說時，威樂若的婆羅門屋主們對世尊說這個：「太偉大了，喬達摩尊師！太偉大了，喬達摩尊師！喬達摩尊師！猶如扶正顛倒的，或揭開隱藏的，或告知迷路者的道路，或在黑暗中持燈火：『有眼者們看見諸色。』同樣的，法被喬達摩尊師以種種法門說明。這些我們
歸依喬達摩尊師、法、
比丘僧團，請喬達摩尊師記得我們為
優婆塞，從今天起
已終生歸依。」(448)
威樂若經第二終了。
MN.42/(2) Verañjakasuttaṃ
444. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā– “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ; kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti’. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī”ti.
Atha kho verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavato santike nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “ko nu kho, bho gotama, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti? Ko pana, bho gotama, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī”ti?
“Adhammacariyāvisamacariyāhetu kho, gahapatayo, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Dhammacariyāsamacariyāhetu kho, gahapatayo evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī”ti.
“Na kho mayaṃ imassa bhoto gotamassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa, vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa, vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāma. Sādhu no bhavaṃ gotamo tathā dhammaṃ desetu yathā mayaṃ imassa bhoto gotamassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa, vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa, vitthārena atthaṃ ājāneyyāmā”ti. “Tena hi, gahapatayo, suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ bho”ti kho verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
445. “Tividhaṃ kho, gahapatayo, kāyena adhammacārī visamacārī hoti, catubbidhaṃ vācāya adhammacārī visamacārī hoti, tividhaṃ manasā adhammacārī visamacārī hoti.
“Kathañca, gahapatayo tividhaṃ kāyena adhammacārī visamacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco pāṇātipātī hoti. Luddo lohitapāṇi hatappahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu. Adinnādāyī kho pana hoti. Yaṃ taṃ parassa paravittūpakaraṇaṃ… taṃ adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādātā hoti. Kāmesumicchācārī kho pana hoti. Yā tā māturakkhitā… tathārūpāsu cārittaṃ āpajjitā hoti. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ kāyena adhammacārī visamacārī hoti.
“Kathañca, gahapatayo, catubbidhaṃ vācāya adhammacārī visamacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco musāvādī hoti. Sabhāgato vā… sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Pisuṇavāco kho pana hoti. Ito sutvā amutra akkhātā… vaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Pharusavāco kho pana hoti. Yā sā vācā aṇḍakā kakkasā… tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Samphappalāpī kho pana hoti. Akālavādī… apariyantavatiṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, catubbidhaṃ vācāya adhammacārī visamacārī hoti.
“Kathañca, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ manasā adhammacārī visamacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco abhijjhālu hoti …pe… taṃ mamassā’ti. Byāpannacitto kho pana hoti paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo– ime sattā haññantu vā… mā vā ahesun’ti. Micchādiṭṭhiko kho pana hoti viparītadassano– ‘natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ… sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ manasā adhammacārī visamacārī hoti.
“Evaṃ adhammacariyāvisamacariyāhetu kho, gahapatayo, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti.
446. “Tividhaṃ kho, gahapatayo, kāyena dhammacārī samacārī hoti, catubbidhaṃ vācāya dhammacārī samacārī hoti, tividhaṃ manasā dhammacārī samacārī hoti.
“Kathañca, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ kāyena dhammacārī samacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, yaṃ taṃ parassa… taṃ nādinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādātā hoti. Kāmesumicchācāraṃ pahāya… tathārūpāsu na cārittaṃ āpajjitā hoti. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ kāyena dhammacārī samacārī hoti.
“Kathañca, gahapatayo, catubbidhaṃ vācāya dhammacārī samacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti. Sabhāgato vā …pe… na sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya… samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya… tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya… kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, catubbidhaṃ vācāya dhammacārī samacārī hoti.
“Kathañca, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ manasā dhammacārī samacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco anabhijjhālu hoti. Yaṃ taṃ parassa paravittūpakaraṇaṃ taṃ nābhijjhātā hoti ‘aho vata yaṃ parassa, taṃ mamassā’ti. Abyāpannacitto kho pana hoti appaduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo – ‘ime sattā averā abyābajjhā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantū’ti. Sammādiṭṭhiko kho pana hoti aviparītadassano– ‘atthi dinnaṃ, atthi yiṭṭhaṃ… sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ manasā dhammacārī samacārī hoti.
“Evaṃ dhammacariyāsamacariyāhetu kho, gahapatayo, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti.
447. “Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.
“Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ gahapatimahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.
“Ākaṅkeyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.
“Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ… yāmānaṃ devānaṃ… tusitānaṃ devānaṃ… nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ… paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ… brahmakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā brahmakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.
“Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā ābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā ābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.
“Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parittābhānaṃ devānaṃ …pe… appamāṇābhānaṃ devānaṃ… ābhassarānaṃ devānaṃ… parittasubhānaṃ devānaṃ… appamāṇasubhānaṃ devānaṃ… subhakiṇhānaṃ devānaṃ vehapphalānaṃ devānaṃ… avihānaṃ devānaṃ… atappānaṃ devānaṃ… sudassānaṃ devānaṃ… sudassīnaṃ devānaṃ… akaniṭṭhānaṃ devānaṃ… ākāsānañcāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ… viññāṇañcāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ… ākiñcaññāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.
“Ākaṅkheyya ce gahapatayo dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, ‘yaṃ so āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī’”ti.
448. Evaṃ vutte, verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Ete mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsake no bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete saraṇaṃ gate”ti.
Verañjakasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.