中部34經/牧牛者小經(雙大品[4])(莊春江譯)[SA.1248, AA.43.6]
被我這麼聽聞:
有一次,
世尊住在跋耆的烏迦支羅恒河邊。
在那裡,世尊召喚
比丘們:「比丘們!」
「
尊師!」那些比丘回答世尊。
世尊說這個:
「比丘們!從前,摩揭陀國的
劣慧之類牧牛者,在雨季最後一個月的秋天時,沒觀察恒河的此岸後,沒觀察恒河的彼岸後,就以非淺灘(渡場)使諸牛渡到屬於
善毘提訶的北岸。比丘們!那時,諸牛在恒河的中間,在水流中圍成圓圈後,就在那裡來到不幸、災難,那是什麼原因?比丘們!因為,像這樣,那位摩揭陀國的劣慧之類牧牛者,在雨季的最後一個月的秋天時,沒觀察恒河的此岸後,沒觀察恒河的彼岸後,就以非淺灘使諸牛渡到屬於善毘提訶的北岸。同樣的,比丘們!凡任何
沙門或
婆羅門是這個世間的不善巧者、其他世間的不善巧者、魔領域的不善巧者、非魔領域的不善巧者、死亡領域的不善巧者、無死亡領域的不善巧者,凡將會認為他們的應該被聽聞、應該被相信者,那對他們將有長久的不利、苦。(350)
比丘們!從前,摩揭陀國的有慧之類牧牛者,在雨季最後一個月的秋天時,觀察恒河的此岸後,觀察恒河的彼岸後,就以淺灘使諸牛渡到屬於善毘提訶的北岸。首先,他使凡那些公牛、牛父、牛指導者渡,牠們橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。隨後使強壯的諸牛、能被調御的諸牛渡,牠們也橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。隨後使諸較大公仔牛、諸較大雌仔牛渡,牠們也橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。隨後使諸消瘦無力小仔牛渡,牠們也橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。比丘們!先前剛出生以母牛叫聲被帶著的幼小仔牛,牠也橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸,那是什麼原因?比丘們!因為,像這樣,那位摩揭陀國的有慧之類牧牛者,在雨季的最後一個月的秋天時,觀察恒河的此岸後,觀察恒河的彼岸後,就以淺灘使諸牛渡到屬於善毘提訶的北岸。同樣的,比丘們!凡任何沙門或婆羅門是這個世間的善巧者、其他世間的善巧者、魔領域的善巧者、非魔領域的善巧者、死亡領域的善巧者、無死亡領域的善巧者,凡將會認為他們的應該被聽聞、應該被相信者,那對他們將有長久的利益、安樂。(351)
比丘們!猶如那些公牛、牛父、牛指導者橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。同樣的,比丘們!凡那些漏已滅盡的、已完成的、
應該被作的已作的、負擔已卸的、
自己的利益已達成的、
有之結已遍滅盡的、以
究竟智解脫的
阿羅漢比丘,他們橫向切斷魔的水流後,已平安地到達
彼岸。
比丘們!猶如那些強壯的牛、能被調御的牛橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。同樣的,比丘們!凡那些以
五下分結的滅盡,成為
化生者、在那裡般涅槃者、不從那個世間返還者的比丘,他們也橫向切斷魔的水流後,將平安地走到彼岸。
比丘們!猶如那些較大公仔牛、較大雌仔牛橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。同樣的,比丘們!凡那些以三結的遍盡,以貪、瞋、癡薄的狀態,為
一來者,只回來這個世間一次後,將
作苦的終結的比丘,他們也橫向切斷魔的水流後,將平安地走到彼岸。
比丘們!猶如那些消瘦無力小仔牛橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。同樣的,比丘們!凡那些以三結的遍盡,為
入流者、不墮惡趣法者、
決定者、
正覺為彼岸者的比丘,他們也橫向切斷魔的水流後,將平安地走到彼岸。
比丘們!猶如那些剛出生以母牛叫聲被帶著的幼小仔牛橫向切斷恒河水流後,平安地走到彼岸。同樣的,比丘們!凡那些
隨法行、
隨信行的比丘,他們也橫向切斷魔的水流後,將平安地走到彼岸。
比丘們!又,我是這個世間的善巧者、其他世間的善巧者、魔領域的善巧者、非魔領域的善巧者、死亡領域的善巧者、無死亡領域的善巧者,比丘們!凡將會認為那個我的應該被聽聞、應該被相信者,那對他們將有長久的利益、安樂。」
世尊說這個,說這個後,
善逝、
大師又更進一步說這個:
「這個世間、其他世間,被知者善說明:
凡被惡魔到達者,以及凡未被死神到達者。
證知一切世間後,不死之門,
被知道的
正覺者打開:為了安穩涅槃的到達。
波旬的水流被切斷,被碎破、被破壞,
比丘們!請你們成為多欣悅者:安穩到達利益者。」(352)
牧牛者小經第四終了。
MN.34/(4) Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ
350. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati ukkacelāyaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
“Bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, gāvo majjhegaṅgāya nadiyā sote āmaṇḍaliyaṃ karitvā tattheva anayabyasanaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā akusalā imassa lokassa akusalā parassa lokassa, akusalā māradheyyassa akusalā amāradheyyassa, akusalā maccudheyyassa akusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
351. “Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. So paṭhamaṃ patāresi ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā. Te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi balavagāvo dammagāvo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchatare vacchatariyo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchake kisābalake. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno, sopi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā kusalā imassa lokassa kusalā parassa lokassa, kusalā māradheyyassa kusalā amāradheyyassa, kusalā maccudheyyassa kusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
352. “Seyyathāpi bhikkhave, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā, te tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gatā.
“Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, balavagāvo dammagāvo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
“Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchatarā vacchatariyo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino sakiṃdeva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
“Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchakā kisābalakā tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyanā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
“Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū dhammānusārino saddhānusārino, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
“Ahaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, kusalo imassa lokassa kusalo parassa lokassa, kusalo māradheyyassa kusalo amāradheyyassa, kusalo maccudheyyassa kusalo amaccudheyyassa. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvā sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–
“Ayaṃ loko paro loko, jānatā suppakāsito;
Yañca mārena sampattaṃ, appattaṃ yañca maccunā.
“Sabbaṃ lokaṃ abhiññāya, sambuddhena pajānatā;
Vivaṭaṃ amatadvāraṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā.
“Chinnaṃ pāpimato sotaṃ, viddhastaṃ vinaḷīkataṃ;
Pāmojjabahulā hotha, khemaṃ pattattha bhikkhavo”ti.
Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.