增支部10集60經/基哩曼難陀經(莊春江譯)
有一次,
世尊住在舍衛城祇樹林給孤獨園。當時,
尊者基哩曼難陀是生病者、受苦者、重病者。那時,尊者阿難去見
世尊。抵達後,向世尊
問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的尊者阿難對世尊說這個:
「
大德!尊者基哩曼難陀是生病者、受苦者、重病者,大德!請世尊
出自憐愍去見尊者基哩曼難陀,
那就好了!」「阿難!如果你為基哩曼難陀
比丘說十想,又,這存在可能性:凡聽聞十想後,基哩曼難陀比丘的那個病立即地止息。
哪十個?無常想、
無我想、不淨想、
過患想、捨斷想、
離貪想、
滅想、在世間一切上不極喜樂想、在一切諸行上無欲求想、
入出息念。
阿難!而哪個是無常想?阿難!這裡,到
林野的,或到樹下的,或到空屋的比丘像這樣深慮:『色是無常的、受是無常的、想是無常的、行是無常的、識是無常的。』像這樣,在這
五取蘊上
隨看無常地住,阿難!這被稱為無常想。
阿難!而哪個是無我想?阿難!這裡,到林野的,或到樹下的,或到空屋的比丘像這樣深慮:『眼是無我的、諸色是無我的、耳是無我的、諸聲音是無我的、鼻是無我的、諸氣味是無我的、舌是無我的、諸味道是無我的、身是無我的、諸
所觸是無我的、意是無我的、諸法是無我。』像這樣,在這六內、外處上隨看無我地住,阿難!這被稱為無我想。
阿難!而哪個是不淨想?阿難!這裡,比丘就這個身體從腳掌之上,從髮梢之下,皮膚為邊界,有種種種類不淨充滿的,省察:『在這個身體中有頭髮、體毛、指甲、牙齒、皮膚、肌肉、筋腱、骨骼、骨髓、腎臟、心臟、肝臟、肋膜、脾臟、肺臟、腸子、腸間膜、胃、糞便、膽汁、痰、膿、血、汗、脂肪、眼淚、油脂、唾液、鼻涕、關節液、尿。』像這樣,在這個身體上隨看不淨地住,阿難!這被稱為不淨想。
阿難!而哪個是過患想?阿難!這裡,到林野的,或到樹下的,或到空屋的比丘像這樣深慮:『這個身體有許多苦、許多過患:像這樣,在這個身體上種種病生起,即:眼病、耳病、鼻病、舌病、身病、頭病、外耳病、口病、齒病、唇病、咳、喘、外鼻病、熱病、老、腹病、昏迷、下痢、腹痛、霍亂、麻瘋、腫瘤、癬、肺病、癲癎、輪癬、疥癬、風癬、搔傷(癩病)、皮膚乾裂、血膽病、糖尿病、痔瘡、疹子(癤子水泡)、痔瘻(潰瘍)、膽汁引起的病、痰引起的病、風引起的病、[三者]集合的病、時節變化生的病,不正注意生的病、突然來襲的病、業果報生的病、冷、熱、飢餓、口渴、糞、尿。』像這樣,在這個身體上隨看過患地住,阿難!這被稱為過患想。
阿難!而哪個是捨斷想?阿難!這裡,比丘對已生起的欲尋不容忍、捨斷、驅離、作終結、使之走到不存在,對已生起的惡意尋不容忍、捨斷、驅離、作終結、使之走到不存在,對已生起的
加害尋不容忍、捨斷、驅離、作終結、使之走到不存在,對已生起的諸惡不善法不容忍、捨斷、驅離、作終結、使之走到不存在,阿難!這被稱為捨斷想。
阿難!而哪個是離貪想?阿難!這裡,到林野的,或到樹下的,或到空屋的比丘像這樣深慮:『這是寂靜的,這是勝妙的,即:
一切行的止,一切
依著的
斷念,渴愛的滅盡、離貪、涅槃。』阿難!這被稱為離貪想。
阿難!而哪個是滅想?阿難!這裡,到林野的,或到樹下的,或到空屋的比丘像這樣深慮:『這是寂靜的,這是勝妙的,即:一切行的止,一切依著的斷念,渴愛的滅盡、滅、涅槃。』阿難!這被稱為滅想。
阿難!而哪個是在世間一切上不極喜樂想?阿難!這裡,比丘凡在世間上的執取、心的依處、執持、
煩惱潛在趨勢,住於捨斷、不執取那些,阿難!這被稱為在世間一切上不極喜樂想。
阿難!而哪個是在一切諸行上無欲求想?阿難!這裡,比丘在一切諸行上厭惡、羞恥、嫌惡,阿難!這被稱為在一切諸行上無欲求想。
阿難!而哪個是入出息念?阿難!這裡,到林野的,或到樹下的,或到空屋的比丘坐下,
盤腿、定置端直的身體、
建立面前的念後,
他只具念地吸氣、只具念地呼氣:當吸氣長時,知道:『我吸氣長。』或當呼氣長時,知道:『我呼氣長。』或當吸氣短時,知道:『我吸氣短。』或當呼氣短時,知道:『我呼氣短。』學習:『
經驗一切身地,我將吸氣。』學習:『經驗一切身地,我將呼氣。』學習:『
使身行寧靜地,我將吸氣。』學習:『使身行
寧靜著,我將呼氣。』學習:『
經驗喜地,我將吸氣。』學習:『經驗喜地,我將呼氣。』學習:『經驗樂地,我將吸氣。』學習:『經驗樂地,我將呼氣。』
學習:『經驗
心行地,我將吸氣。』學習:『經驗心行地,我將呼氣。』學習:『使心行寧靜地,我將吸氣。』學習:『使心行寧靜地,我將呼氣。』學習:『
經驗心地,我將吸氣。』學習:『經驗心地,我將呼氣。』學習:『
使心極喜悅地……(中略)
集中心地……(中略)
使心解脫地……(中略)隨看無常地……(中略)隨看
離貪地……(中略)
隨看滅地……(中略)
隨看斷念地,我將吸氣。』學習:『隨看斷念地,我將呼氣。』阿難!這被稱為入出息念。
阿難!如果你為基哩曼難陀比丘說十想,又,這存在可能性:凡聽聞十想後,基哩曼難陀比丘的那個病立即地止息。」
那時,尊者阿難在世尊的面前把握(學得)這十想後,去見尊者基哩曼難陀。抵達後,為尊者基哩曼難陀說這十想。那時,尊者基哩曼難陀聽聞這十想後,那個病立即地止息,以及尊者基哩曼難陀從那個病痊癒,而且尊者基哩曼難陀的那個病像這樣被捨斷。
自心品第一,其
攝頌:
「自心與舍利弗,停滯與以止,
退失與二則想,根本、出家、基哩。」
AN.10.60/ 10. Girimānandasuttaṃ
60. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā girimānando ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–
“Āyasmā, bhante, girimānando ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yenāyasmā girimānando tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. “Sace kho tvaṃ, ānanda, girimānandassa bhikkhuno dasa saññā bhāseyyāsi, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ girimānandassa bhikkhuno dasa saññā sutvā so ābādho ṭhānaso paṭippassambheyya.
“Katamā dasa? Aniccasaññā anattasaññā, asubhasaññā, ādīnavasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā, nirodhasaññā, sabbaloke anabhiratasaññā, sabbasaṅkhāresu anicchāsaññā, ānāpānassati.
“Katamā cānanda, aniccasaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘rūpaṃ aniccaṃ, vedanā aniccā saññā aniccā saṅkhārā aniccā, viññāṇaṃ aniccan’ti. Iti imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu aniccānupassī viharati. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, aniccasaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, anattasaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘cakkhu anattā, rūpā anattā, sotaṃ anattā, saddā anattā, ghānaṃ anattā, gandhā anattā, jivhā anattā, rasā anattā, kāyā anattā, phoṭṭhabbā anattā, mano anattā, dhammā anattā’ti. Iti imesu chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu anattānupassī viharati. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, anattasaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, asubhasaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānāppakārassa asucino paccavekkhati– ‘atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti. Iti imasmiṃ kāye asubhānupassī viharati. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, asubhasaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, ādīnavasaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘bahudukkho kho ayaṃ kāyo bahu-ādīnavo? Iti imasmiṃ kāye vividhā ābādhā uppajjanti, seyyathidaṃ– cakkhurogo sotarogo ghānarogo jivhārogo kāyarogo sīsarogo kaṇṇarogo mukharogo dantarogo oṭṭharogo kāso sāso pināso ḍāho jaro kucchirogo mucchā pakkhandikā sūlā visūcikā kuṭṭhaṃ gaṇḍo kilāso soso apamāro daddu kaṇḍu kacchu nakhasā vitacchikā lohitaṃ pittaṃ madhumeho aṃsā piḷakā bhagandalā pittasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā semhasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā vātasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā sannipātikā ābādhā utupariṇāmajā ābādhā visamaparihārajā ābādhā opakkamikā ābādhā kammavipākajā ābādhā sītaṃ uṇhaṃ jighacchā pipāsā uccāro passāvo’ti. Iti imasmiṃ kāye ādīnavānupassī viharati. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, ādīnavasaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, pahānasaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāseti, pajahati vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṃ gameti. Uppannaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ nādhivāseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṃ gameti. Uppannaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ nādhivāseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṃ gameti. Uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti, pajahati, vinodeti, byantīkaroti, anabhāvaṃ gameti. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, pahānasaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, virāgasaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhippaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nibbānan’ti. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, virāgasaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, nirodhasaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhippaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo nirodho nibbānan’ti. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, nirodhasaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, sabbaloke anabhiratasaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu ye loke upādānā cetaso adhiṭṭhānābhinivesānusayā, te pajahanto viharati anupādiyanto. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, sabbaloke anabhiratasaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, sabbasaṅkhāresu anicchāsaññā? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbasaṅkhāresu aṭṭīyati harāyati jigucchati. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, sabbasaṅkhāresu anicchāsaññā.
“Katamā cānanda, ānāpānassati? Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So satova assasati satova passasati. Dīghaṃ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti. Dīghaṃ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti. Rassaṃ vā assasanto ‘rassaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti. Rassaṃ vā passasanto ‘rassaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti. ‘Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Pītipaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Pītipaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Sukhapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Sukhapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Cittapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Cittapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati Abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ …pe… samādahaṃ cittaṃ …pe… vimocayaṃ cittaṃ …pe… aniccānupassī …pe… virāgānupassī …pe… nirodhānupassī …pe… ‘paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati. ‘Paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, ānāpānassati.
“Sace kho tvaṃ, ānanda, girimānandassa bhikkhuno imā dasa saññā bhāseyyāsi, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ girimānandassa bhikkhuno imā dasa saññā sutvā so ābādho ṭhānaso paṭippassambheyyā”ti.
Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato santike imā dasa saññā uggahetvā yenāyasmā girimānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmato girimānandassa imā dasa saññā abhāsi. Atha kho āyasmato girimānandassa dasa saññā sutvā so ābādho ṭhānaso paṭippassambhi. Vuṭṭhahi cāyasmā girimānando tamhā ābādhā. Tathā pahīno ca panāyasmato girimānandassa so ābādho ahosī”ti. Dasamaṃ.
Sacittavaggo paṭhamo.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Sacittañca sāriputta, ṭhiti ca samathena ca;
Parihāno ca dve saññā, mūlā pabbajitaṃ girīti.