增支部10集54經/止經(莊春江譯)[MA.109]
「
比丘們!如果比丘不是他心法門的熟練者,那時:『我將是自心法門的熟練者。』比丘們!應該被你們這麼學。
比丘們!而怎樣比丘是自心法門的熟練者?比丘們!猶如年輕年少的、喜好裝飾之類的女子或男子,當在鏡中,或在遍淨、潔淨、清澈的水鉢中省察自己的面相時,在那裡,如果看見塵垢或污穢,就為了他的塵垢或污穢的捨斷努力。在那裡,如果沒看見塵垢或污穢,以那個,就成為悅意的、
意向圓滿的:『確實是我的利得,確實是我的遍純淨的。』[MN.15]同樣的,比丘們!比丘的省察在諸善法上是多助益的:『我是
內心止的得到者嗎?非內心止的得到者嗎?我是
觀法增上慧的得到者嗎?非觀法增上慧的得到者嗎?』
比丘們!如果當比丘省察時,這麼知道:『我是內心止的得到者,非觀法增上慧的得到者。』比丘們!以那個,在內心止上住立後,在觀法增上慧上努力應該被比丘做,他過些時候是內心止的得到者,同時也是觀法增上慧的得到者。
比丘們!如果當比丘省察時,這麼知道:『我是觀法增上慧的得到者,非內心止的得到者。』比丘們!以那個,在觀法增上慧上住立後,在內心止上努力應該被比丘做,他過些時候是觀法增上慧的得到者,同時也是內心止的得到者。
比丘們!如果當比丘省察時,這麼知道:『我不是內心止的得到者,不是觀法增上慧的得到者。』比丘們!以那樣,就為了那些善法的得到,
極度的意欲、精進、勇猛、努力、不畏縮、念、正知應該被比丘做。比丘們!猶如衣服已被燒,
或頭已被燒,就為了使他的衣服或頭的熄滅,極度的意欲、精進、勇猛、努力、不畏縮、念、正知應該被做。同樣的,比丘們!以那樣,就為了那些善法的得到,極度的意欲、精進、勇猛、努力、不畏縮、念、正知應該被做。他過些時候是內心止的得到者,同時也是觀法增上慧的得到者。
比丘們!如果當比丘省察時,這麼知道:『我是觀法增上慧的得到者、內心止的得到者。』比丘們!以那個,就在那些善法上住立後,更進一步在諸
漏的滅盡上努力應該被比丘做。
比丘們!我以二種說衣服:應該被使用的及不應該被使用的。比丘們!我也以二種說
施食:應該被食用的及不應該被食用的。比丘們!我也以二種說臥坐處:應該被住的及不應該被住的。比丘們!我也以二種說村落、城鎮:應該被依止的及不應該被依止的。比丘們!我也以二種說地方、地區:應該被住的及不應該被住的。比丘們!我也以二種說個人:應該被結交的及不應該被結交的。
『比丘們!我以二種說衣服:應該被使用的及不應該被使用的。』而像這樣這個被說,
緣於什麼這個被說?在那裡,凡如果知道衣服:『當我使用這個衣服時,諸不善法增加,諸善法衰退。』像這樣的衣服不應該被使用。在那裡,凡如果知道衣服:『當我使用這個衣服時,諸善法增加,諸不善法衰退。』像這樣的衣服應該被使用。『比丘們!我以二種說衣服:應該被使用的及不應該被使用的。』像這樣,凡那個被說,這是緣於這個被說。[≃MN.114]
『比丘們!我也以二種說施食:應該被食用的及不應該被食用的。』而像這樣這個被說,緣於什麼這個被說?在那裡,凡如果知道施食:『當我食用這個施食時,諸不善法增加,諸善法衰退。』像這樣的施食不應該被食用。在那裡,凡如果知道施食:『當我食用這個施食時,諸不善法衰退,諸善法增加。』像這樣的施食應該被食用。『比丘們!我也以二種說施食:應該被食用的及不應該被食用的。』像這樣,凡那個被說,這是緣於這個被說。
『比丘們!我也以二種說臥坐處:應該被住的及不應該被住的。』而像這樣這個被說,緣於什麼這個被說?在那裡,凡如果知道臥坐處:『當我住這個臥坐處時,諸不善法增加,諸善法衰退。』像這樣的臥坐處不應該被住。在那裡,凡如果知道臥坐處:『當我住這個臥坐處時,諸不善法衰退,諸善法增加。』像這樣的臥坐處應該被住。『比丘們!我也以二種說臥坐處:應該被住的及不應該被住的。』像這樣,凡那個被說,這是緣於這個被說。
『比丘們!我也以二種說村落、城鎮:應該被住的及不應該被住的。』而像這樣這個被說,緣於什麼這個被說?在那裡,凡如果知道村落、城鎮:『當我住這個村落、城鎮時,諸不善法增加,諸善法衰退。』像這樣的村落、城鎮不應該被住。在那裡,凡如果知道村落、城鎮:『當我住這個村落、城鎮時,諸不善法衰退,諸善法增加。』像這樣的村落、城鎮應該被住。『比丘們!我也以二種說村落、城鎮:應該被住的及不應該被住的。』像這樣,凡那個被說,這是緣於這個被說。
比丘們!而當像這樣說:『比丘們!我也以二種說個人:應該被結交的及不應該被結交的。』而像這樣這個被說,緣於什麼這個被說?在那裡,凡如果知道個人:『當我結交這位個人時,諸不善法增加,諸善法衰退。』像這樣的個人不應該被結交。在那裡,凡如果知道個人:『當我結交這位個人時,諸不善法衰退,諸善法增加。』像這樣的個人應該被結交。『比丘們!我也以二種說個人:應該被結交的及不應該被結交的。』像這樣,凡那個被說,這是緣於這個被說。」
AN.10.54/ 4. Samathasuttaṃ
54. “No ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paracittapariyāyakusalo hoti, atha ‘sacittapariyāyakusalo bhavissāmī’ti– evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
“Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sacittapariyāyakusalo hoti? Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, itthī vā puriso vā daharo yuvā maṇḍanakajātiko ādāse vā parisuddhe pariyodāte acche vā udapatte sakaṃ mukhanimittaṃ paccavekkhamāno sace tattha passati rajaṃ vā aṅgaṇaṃ vā, tasseva rajassa vā aṅgaṇassa vā pahānāya vāyamati. No ce tattha passati rajaṃ vā aṅgaṇaṃ vā, tenevattamano hoti paripuṇṇasaṅkappo– ‘lābhā vata me, parisuddhaṃ vata me’ti. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno paccavekkhaṇā bahukārā hoti kusalesu dhammesu– ‘lābhī nu khomhi ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na nu khomhi lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, lābhī nu khomhi adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na nu khomhi lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāyā’ti.
“Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘lābhīmhi ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā ajjhattaṃ cetosamathe patiṭṭhāya adhipaññādhammavipassanāya yogo karaṇīyo. So aparena samayena lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.
“Sace pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘lābhīmhi adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassā’ti, tena, bhikkhave bhikkhunā adhipaññādhammavipassanāya patiṭṭhāya ajjhattaṃ cetosamathe yogo karaṇīyo. So aparena samayena lābhī ceva hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya lābhī ca ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa.
“Sace, pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ādittacelo vā ādittasīso vā. Tasseva celassa vā sīsassa vā nibbāpanāya adhimattaṃ chandañca vāyāmañca ussāhañca ussoḷhiñca appaṭivāniñca satiñca sampajaññañca kareyya. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tena bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṃ. So aparena samayena lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.
“Sace pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘lābhīmhi ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāyā’ti, tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā tesuyeva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṃ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo.
“Cīvarampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampi. Piṇḍapātampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampi. Senāsanampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampi. Gāmanigamampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampi. Janapadapadesampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampi. Puggalampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampi.
“‘Cīvarampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā cīvaraṃ– ‘idaṃ kho me cīvaraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṃ cīvaraṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā cīvaraṃ– ‘idaṃ kho me cīvaraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṃ cīvaraṃ sevitabbaṃ. ‘Cīvarampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
“‘Piṇḍapātampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā piṇḍapātaṃ– ‘imaṃ kho me piṇḍapātaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo piṇḍapāto na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā piṇḍapātaṃ– ‘imaṃ kho me piṇḍapātaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo piṇḍapāto sevitabbo. ‘Piṇḍapātampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi – sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
“‘Senāsanampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā senāsanaṃ– ‘idaṃ kho me senāsanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṃ senāsanaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā senāsanaṃ– ‘idaṃ kho me senāsanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṃ senāsanaṃ sevitabbaṃ. ‘Senāsanampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
“‘Gāmanigamampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā gāmanigamaṃ– ‘imaṃ kho me gāmanigamaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti evarūpo gāmanigamo na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā gāmanigamaṃ– ‘imaṃ kho me gāmanigamaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo gāmanigamo sevitabbo ‘Gāmanigamampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
“‘Janapadapadesampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā janapadapadesaṃ– ‘imaṃ kho me janapadapadesaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo janapadapadeso na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā janapadapadesaṃ– ‘imaṃ kho me janapadapadesaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo janapadapadeso sevitabbo. ‘Janapadapadesampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
“‘Puggalampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā puggalaṃ– ‘imaṃ kho me puggalaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo puggalo na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā puggalaṃ– ‘imaṃ kho me puggalaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo ‘Puggalampāhaṃ, bhikkhave, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’ti, iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttan”ti. Catutthaṃ.