經號:   
   (AN.8.14 更新)
增支部8集14經/未調馬經(莊春江譯)[SA.924]
  「比丘們!我將教導八種未調馬與八種馬的過失,以及八種未調人與八種人的過失,你們要聽它!要好好作意,我將說。」「是的,大德!」那些比丘回答世尊。世尊說這個:
  「比丘們!而哪些是八種未調馬與八種馬的過失?比丘們!這裡,某一類未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,向後面退後,使車向後面轉起。比丘們!這裡,有某一種像這樣的未調馬,比丘們!這是第一種馬的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,某一類未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,後跳躍,破壞車桿,打破三腳架。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調馬,比丘們!這是第二種馬的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,當某類未調馬被說:『去吧!』且持續被調御者刺打、呵責時,腿從車轅脫離後,就打碎車轅。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調馬,比丘們!這是第三種馬的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,某一類未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,取旁道,帶(作)車入不同方向的。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調馬,比丘們!這是第四種馬的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,某一類未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,前身跳躍,高舉前腿。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調馬,比丘們!這是第五種馬的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,某一類未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,不在乎(不取)調御者、不在乎刺棒、以牙齒碎破馬銜後,向想要之處出發。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調馬,比丘們!這是第六種馬的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,某一類未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,既不前進,也不後退,就在那裡成為柱子狀態的站立者。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調馬,比丘們!這是第七種馬的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,某一類未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,折疊前腿、折疊後腿後,就在那裡坐在四條腿上。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調馬,比丘們!這是第八種馬的過失。比丘們!這是八種未調馬與八種馬的過失。
  比丘們!而哪些是八種未調人與八種人的過失?比丘們!這裡,比丘們以犯戒舉罪比丘,被比丘們以犯戒舉罪的那位比丘以無記憶搪塞:『我不記得。』比丘們!猶如那匹未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,向後面退後,使車向後面轉起,比丘們!我說這一種人像這樣的譬喻。比丘們!這裡,有某一種像這樣的未調人,比丘們!這是第一種人的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,比丘們以犯戒舉罪比丘,被比丘們以犯戒舉罪的那位比丘就反對舉罪者:『愚的、不聰明的你以所說有什麼?你也認為確實有應該被說的?』比丘們!猶如那匹未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,後跳躍,破壞車桿,打破三腳架。比丘們!我說這一種人像這樣的譬喻。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調人,比丘們!這是第二種人的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,比丘們以犯戒舉罪比丘,被比丘們以犯戒舉罪的那位比丘就反對舉罪者:『你是像這樣名稱犯戒的犯戒者,就只那樣你先懺悔。』比丘們!猶如那匹未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,腿從車轅脫離後,就打碎車轅。比丘們!我說這一種人像這樣的譬喻。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調人,比丘們!這是第三種人的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,比丘們以犯戒舉罪比丘,被比丘們以犯戒舉罪的那位比丘轉向無關的,帶到在外的談論,顯露憤怒、瞋恚、不滿。比丘們!猶如那匹未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,取旁道,帶車入不同方向的。比丘們!我說這一種人像這樣的譬喻。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調人,比丘們!這是第四種人的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,比丘們以犯戒舉罪比丘,被比丘們以犯戒舉罪的那位比丘在僧團中揮舞手臂(作手臂的散亂)。比丘們!猶如那匹未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,前身跳躍,高舉前腿。比丘們!我說這一種人像這樣的譬喻。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調人,比丘們!這是第五種人的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,比丘們以犯戒舉罪比丘,被比丘們以犯戒舉罪的那位比丘不在乎僧團、不在乎舉罪者,有罪(犯戒)者就向想要之處出發。比丘們!猶如那匹未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,不在乎調御者、不在乎刺棒、以牙齒碎破馬銜後,向想要之處出發。比丘們!我說這一種人像這樣的譬喻。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調人,比丘們!這是第六種人的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,比丘們以犯戒舉罪比丘,被比丘們以犯戒舉罪的那位比丘既不說:『我犯戒』,也不說:『我沒犯戒。』以沈默狀態使僧團困擾。比丘們!猶如那匹未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,既不前進,也不後退,就在那裡成為柱子狀態的站立者。比丘們!我說這一種人像這樣的譬喻。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調人,比丘們!這是第七種人的過失。
  再者,比丘們!這裡,比丘們以犯戒舉罪比丘,被比丘們以犯戒舉罪的那位比丘這麼說:『尊者們!你們為何一直在我上極強烈地成為忙碌者,現在,我將放棄學後還俗。』他放棄學後還俗後,這麼說:『尊者們!現在,你們成為滿意的?』比丘們!猶如那匹未調馬被調御者說『去』、持續地被刺、被督促,折疊前腿、折疊後腿後,就在那裡坐在四條腿上。比丘們!我說這一種人像這樣的譬喻。比丘們!這裡,也有某一種像這樣的未調人,比丘們!這是第八種人的過失。比丘們!這是八種未調人與八種人的過失。」
AN.8.14/ 4. Assakhaḷuṅkasuttaṃ
   14. “Aṭṭha ca, bhikkhave, assakhaḷuṅke desessāmi aṭṭha ca assadose, aṭṭha ca purisakhaḷuṅke aṭṭha ca purisadose. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
   “Katame ca, bhikkhave, aṭṭha assakhaḷuṅkā aṭṭha ca assadosā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā pacchato paṭikkamati, piṭṭhito rathaṃ pavatteti. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo assadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā pacchā laṅghati, kubbaraṃ hanati, tidaṇḍaṃ bhañjati. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo assadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā rathīsāya satthiṃ ussajjitvā rathīsaṃyeva ajjhomaddati. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo assadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā ummaggaṃ gaṇhati, ubbaṭumaṃ rathaṃ karoti. Evarūpopi bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho assadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā laṅghati purimakāyaṃ paggaṇhati purime pāde. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo assadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā anādiyitvā sārathiṃ anādiyitvā patodalaṭṭhiṃ dantehi mukhādhānaṃ vidhaṃsitvā yena kāmaṃ pakkamati. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, chaṭṭho assadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā neva abhikkamati no paṭikkamati tattheva khīlaṭṭhāyī ṭhito hoti. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, sattamo assadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā purime ca pāde saṃharitvā pacchime ca pāde saṃharitvā tattheva cattāro pāde abhinisīdati. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco assakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, aṭṭhamo assadoso. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha assakhaḷuṅkā aṭṭha ca assadosā.
   “Katame ca, bhikkhave, aṭṭha purisakhaḷuṅkā aṭṭha ca purisadosā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. So bhikkhu bhikkhūhi āpattiyā codiyamāno ‘na sarāmī’ti asatiyā nibbeṭheti. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā pacchato paṭikkamati, piṭṭhito rathaṃ vatteti; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco purisakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo purisadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. So bhikkhu bhikkhūhi āpattiyā codiyamāno codakaṃyeva paṭippharati– ‘kiṃ nu kho tuyhaṃ bālassa abyattassa bhaṇitena! Tvampi nāma bhaṇitabbaṃ maññasī’ti! Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā pacchā laṅghati, kubbaraṃ hanati, tidaṇḍaṃ bhañjati; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco purisakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo purisadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. So bhikkhu bhikkhūhi āpattiyā codiyamāno codakasseva paccāropeti – ‘tvaṃ khosi itthannāmaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno, tvaṃ tāva paṭhamaṃ paṭikarohī’ti. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā rathīsāya satthiṃ ussajjitvā rathīsaṃyeva ajjhomaddati; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco purisakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo purisadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. So bhikkhu bhikkhūhi āpattiyā codiyamāno aññenāññaṃ paṭicarati, bahiddhā kathaṃ apanāmeti, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā ummaggaṃ gaṇhati, ubbaṭumaṃ rathaṃ karoti; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco purisakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho purisadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. So bhikkhu bhikkhūhi āpattiyā codiyamāno saṅghamajjhe bāhuvikkhepaṃ karoti. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā laṅghati, purimakāyaṃ paggaṇhati purime pāde; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco purisakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo purisadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. So bhikkhu bhikkhūhi āpattiyā codiyamāno anādiyitvā saṅghaṃ anādiyitvā codakaṃ sāpattikova yena kāmaṃ pakkamati. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā anādiyitvā sārathiṃ anādiyitvā patodalaṭṭhiṃ dantehi mukhādhānaṃ vidhaṃsitvā yena kāmaṃ pakkamati; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco purisakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, chaṭṭho purisadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. So bhikkhu bhikkhūhi āpattiyā codiyamāno ‘nevāhaṃ āpannomhi, na panāhaṃ āpannomhī’ti so tuṇhībhāvena saṅghaṃ viheṭheti. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā neva abhikkamati no paṭikkamati tattheva khīlaṭṭhāyī ṭhito hoti; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco purisakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, sattamo purisadoso.
   “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā codenti. So bhikkhu bhikkhūhi āpattiyā codiyamāno evamāha – ‘kiṃ nu kho tumhe āyasmanto atibāḷhaṃ mayi byāvaṭā yāva idānāhaṃ sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissāmī’ti. So sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattitvā evamāha– ‘idāni kho tumhe āyasmanto attamanā hothā’ti? Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, assakhaḷuṅko ‘pehī’ti vutto, viddho samāno codito sārathinā purime ca pāde saṃharitvā pacchime ca pāde saṃharitvā tattheva cattāro pāde abhinisīdati; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Evarūpopi, bhikkhave, idhekacco purisakhaḷuṅko hoti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, aṭṭhamo purisadoso. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha purisakhaḷuṅkā aṭṭha ca purisadosā”ti. Catutthaṃ.
漢巴經文比對(莊春江作):