增支部7集64經/易憤怒者經(莊春江譯)[MA.129]
「
比丘們!有這七法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、
敵對者所作的事,哪七個?
比丘們!這裡,敵對者對敵對者這麼欲求:『啊!願這位是
醜的。』那是什麼原因?比丘們!敵對者不歡喜敵對者的美貌。比丘們!當有憤怒的個人被憤怒征服、被憤怒打敗時,即使他被善浴、善塗油,整理好髮鬚,穿上白衣,那時,那位被憤怒征服者仍是醜的。比丘們!這是第一法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、敵對者所作的事。
再者,比丘們!這裡,敵對者對敵對者這麼欲求:『啊!願這位
睡不好。』那是什麼原因?比丘們!敵對者不歡喜敵對者睡得安樂。比丘們!當有憤怒的個人被憤怒征服、被憤怒打敗時,即使他睡在長羊毛覆蓋的、白羊毛布覆蓋的、
頂級羚鹿皮覆蓋的、有頂篷的,
兩端有紅色枕墊的床座,那時,那位被憤怒征服者仍睡不好。比丘們!這是第二法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、敵對者所作的事。
再者,比丘們!這裡,敵對者對敵對者這麼欲求:『啊!願這位沒有種種利益。』那是什麼原因?比丘們!敵對者不歡喜敵對者有種種利益。比丘們!當有憤怒的個人被憤怒征服、被憤怒打敗時,拿了無益的而想:『我拿到有益的。』拿了有益的而想:『我拿到無益的。』當被憤怒征服時,他拿了這些互相相反的東西,對他轉起長久的不利、苦。比丘們!這是第三法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、敵對者所作的事。
再者,比丘們!這裡,敵對者對敵對者這麼欲求:『啊!願這位沒有財富。』那是什麼原因?比丘們!敵對者不歡喜敵對者有財富。比丘們!當有憤怒的個人被憤怒征服、被憤怒打敗時,凡那些被憤怒征服者以活力的努力所得,以腕力所積聚,以流汗所得,
如法所得的如法利得財富,國王們都使它們進了國王的寶庫。比丘們!這是第四法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、敵對者所作的事。
再者,比丘們!這裡,敵對者對敵對者這麼欲求:『啊!願這位沒有名聲。』那是什麼原因?比丘們!敵對者不歡喜敵對者有名聲。比丘們!當有憤怒的個人被憤怒征服、被憤怒打敗時,凡那位被憤怒征服者以不放逸得到的名聲都失去了。比丘們!這是第五法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、敵對者所作的事。
再者,比丘們!這裡,敵對者對敵對者這麼欲求:『啊!願這位沒有朋友。』那是什麼原因?比丘們!敵對者不歡喜敵對者有朋友。比丘們!當有憤怒的個人被憤怒征服、被憤怒打敗時,凡是那些朋友、同事、親族、血親,他們都遠遠地避開被憤怒征服者。比丘們!這是第六法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、敵對者所作的事。
再者,比丘們!這裡,敵對者對敵對者這麼欲求:『啊!願這位以身體的崩解,死後往生
苦界、
惡趣、
下界、地獄。』那是什麼原因?比丘們!敵對者不歡喜敵對者到
善趣。比丘們!當有憤怒的個人被憤怒征服、被憤怒打敗時,以身行惡行,以語行惡行,
以意行惡行,那位被憤怒征服者以身行惡行,以語行惡行,以意行惡行後,以身體的崩解,死後往生苦界、惡趣、下界、地獄。比丘們!這是第七法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、敵對者所作的事。
比丘們!這是七法,對易憤怒的男子或女子來到敵對者所愛的、敵對者所作的事。」
「易憤怒者是醜的,他也睡不好,
當他拿了有益的,也成為無益的。
在那裡易憤怒者,以身、語作殺戮後,
被憤怒征服的男子,遭到財富損失。
瘋狂憤怒而失去理性者,遭到惡風評,
親族朋友與知己,都避開易憤怒者。
憤怒是無利益的原因,憤怒是使心動亂者,
人們領悟不到,從裡面生起的恐怖。
憤怒者不知道道理,憤怒者沒看見法,
那時有盲目與黑暗,當憤怒征服人們時。
[不論]容易的或難的,憤怒者使之破壞,
之後當憤怒離開時,他如被火燒。
他顯出
臉紅,如火之冒煙,
當憤怒擴大時,以此而[其他]人發怒。
他無
慚無
愧,言語不恭敬,
當被憤怒征服時,他沒有什麼
庇護所。
煩苦的行為,從諸法遠離,
這些我將告訴你們,你們要如實地聽。
憤怒者殺父親,憤怒者殺自己的母親,
憤怒者殺
婆羅門,憤怒者殺一般人。
憤怒的一般人殺了,這位養育他的母親,
[讓他]看見這世間,施與他生命者。
那些眾生像自己,因為自己最可愛,
[但]憤怒者以種種方式殺自己:在種種事上迷昏頭者。
某些以刀殺自己,某些迷昏頭者服毒,
某些以繩子吊死,某些從山上[跳]到峽谷。
殺胎兒的行為,以及
自殺,
當正在做時他們領悟不到,是從憤怒生起敗亡。
像這樣,這死神的捕網,以憤怒的形式存在心中,
應該以調御、慧、活力、[正]見,斷絕它。
這個不善的[憤怒],賢智者應該斷絕,
就像這樣應該在法上學,我們不要有臉紅脖子粗。
離憤怒者是無憂惱的,離貪者是無狂熱的,
已調御者征服憤怒後,無
漏者
般涅槃。」
無記品第六,其
攝頌:
「無記、人之趣處,低舍、獅子、不必守護,
金毘羅、七、打瞌睡,慈、妻子、憤怒為第十一。」
AN.7.64/ 11. Kodhanasuttaṃ
64. “Sattime bhikkhave, dhammā sapattakantā sapattakaraṇā kodhanaṃ āgacchanti itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Katame satta? Idha, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati– ‘aho vatāyaṃ dubbaṇṇo assā’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa vaṇṇavatāya nandati. Kodhanoyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto, kiñcāpi so hoti sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu odātavatthavasano; atha kho so dubbaṇṇova hoti kodhābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati– ‘aho vatāyaṃ dukkhaṃ sayeyyā’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa sukhaseyyāya nandati. Kodhanoyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto, kiñcāpi so pallaṅke seti gonakatthate paṭalikatthate kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇe sa-uttaracchade ubhatolohitakūpadhāne; atha kho so dukkhaññeva seti kodhābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati– ‘aho vatāyaṃ na pacurattho assā’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa pacuratthatāya nandati Kodhanoyaṃ bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto, anatthampi gahetvā ‘attho me gahito’ti maññati atthampi gahetvā ‘anattho me gahito’ti maññati. Tassime dhammā aññamaññaṃ vipaccanīkā gahitā dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti kodhābhibhūtassa. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati– ‘aho vatāyaṃ na bhogavā assā’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa bhogavatāya nandati. Kodhanassa, bhikkhave, purisapuggalassa kodhābhibhūtassa kodhaparetassa, yepissa te honti bhogā uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatā bāhābalaparicitā sedāvakkhittā dhammikā dhammaladdhā, tepi rājāno rājakosaṃ pavesenti kodhābhibhūtassa. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati– ‘aho vatāyaṃ na yasavā assā’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa yasavatāya nandati. Kodhanoyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto, yopissa so hoti yaso appamādādhigato, tamhāpi dhaṃsati kodhābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati– ‘aho vatāyaṃ na mittavā assā’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa mittavatāya nandati. Kodhanaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalaṃ kodhābhibhūtaṃ kodhaparetaṃ, yepissa te honti mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, tepi ārakā parivajjanti kodhābhibhūtaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, chaṭṭho dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā.
“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati– ‘aho vatāyaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyā’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa sugatigamane nandati. Kodhanoyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya …pe… kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati kodhābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, sattamo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Ime kho, bhikkhave, satta dhammā sapattakantā sapattakaraṇā kodhanaṃ āgacchanti itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā”ti.
“Kodhano dubbaṇṇo hoti, atho dukkhampi seti so;
Atho atthaṃ gahetvāna, anatthaṃ adhipajjati.
“Tato kāyena vācāya, vadhaṃ katvāna kodhano;
Kodhābhibhūto puriso, dhanajāniṃ nigacchati.
“Kodhasammadasammatto āyasakyaṃ nigacchati;
Ñātimittā suhajjā ca, parivajjanti kodhanaṃ.
“Anatthajanano kodho, kodho cittappakopano;
Bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.
“Kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti, kuddho dhammaṃ na passati;
Andhatamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ kodho sahate naraṃ.
“Yaṃ kuddho uparodheti, sukaraṃ viya dukkaraṃ.
Pacchā so vigate kodhe, aggidaḍḍhova tappati.
“Dummaṅkuyaṃ padasseti, dhūmaṃ dhūmīva pāvako;
Yato patāyati kodho, yena kujjhanti mānavā.
“Nāssa hirī na ottappaṃ, na vāco hoti gāravo;
Kodhena abhibhūtassa, na dīpaṃ hoti kiñcanaṃ.
“Tapanīyāni kammāni, yāni dhammehi ārakā;
Tāni ārocayissāmi, taṃ suṇātha yathā tathaṃ.
“Kuddho hi pitaraṃ hanti, hanti kuddho samātaraṃ;
Kuddho hi brāhmaṇaṃ hanti, hanti kuddho puthujjanaṃ.
“Yāya mātu bhato poso, imaṃ lokaṃ avekkhati;
Tampi pāṇadadiṃ santiṃ, hanti kuddho puthujjano.
“Attūpamā hi te sattā, attā hi paramo piyo;
Hanti kuddho puthuttānaṃ, nānārūpesu mucchito.
“Asinā hanti attānaṃ, visaṃ khādanti mucchitā;
Rajjuyā bajjha mīyanti, pabbatāmapi kandare.
“Bhūnahaccāni kammāni, attamāraṇiyāni ca.
Karontā nāvabujjhanti, kodhajāto parābhavo.
“Itāyaṃ kodharūpena, maccupāso guhāsayo;
Taṃ damena samucchinde, paññāvīriyena diṭṭhiyā.
“Yathā metaṃ akusalaṃ, samucchindetha paṇḍito;
Tatheva dhamme sikkhetha, mā no dummaṅkuyaṃ ahu.
“Vītakodhā anāyāsā, vītalobhā anussukā.
Dantā kodhaṃ pahantvāna, parinibbanti anāsavā”ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
Abyākatavaggo chaṭṭho.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Abyākato purisagati, tissa sīha arakkhiyaṃ;
Kimilaṃ satta pacalā, mettā bhariyā kodhekādasāti.