增支部6集56經/帕辜那經(莊春江譯)[SA.1023]
當時,
尊者帕辜那是生病者、受苦者、重病者。那時,尊者阿難去見
世尊。抵達後,向世尊
問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的尊者阿難對世尊說這個:「
大德!尊者帕辜那是生病者、受苦者、重病者,請世尊
出自憐愍去見尊者帕辜那,
那就好了!」世尊以沈默狀態同意。那時,世尊傍晚時,從
獨坐出來,去見尊者帕辜那。尊者帕辜那看見正從遠處到來的世尊。看見後,
在臥床上移動。那時,世尊對尊者帕辜那說這個:「夠了,帕辜那!你不要在臥床上移動,有這些被其他人設置的座位,我將坐在那裡。」世尊在設置的座位坐下。坐下後,世尊對尊者帕辜那說這個:
「帕辜那!是否能被你忍受?
是否能被[你]維持生活?是否你苦的感受減退、不增進,減退的結局被知道,非增進?」
「大德!不能被我忍受,不能被[我]維持,我強烈苦的感受增進、不減退,增進的結局被知道,非減退,大德!猶如有力氣的男子以銳利的刀刃在頭上切割。同樣的,大德!激烈的風在我的頭上切割。
大德!不能被我忍受,不能被[我]維持,我強烈苦的感受增進、不減退,增進的結局被知道,非減退,大德!猶如有力氣的男子以堅固的皮繩在頭上
給與纏頭巾。同樣的,大德!在我的頭上有激烈的頭痛。
大德!不能被我忍受,不能被[我]維持,我強烈苦的感受增進、不減退,增進的結局被知道,非減退,大德!猶如熟練的屠牛夫或屠牛夫的徒弟,以銳利的牛刀切開腹部。同樣的,大德!激烈的風切開我的腹部。
大德!不能被我忍受,不能被[我]維持,我強烈苦的感受增進、不減退,增進的結局被知道,非減退,大德!猶如兩位有力氣的男子對較弱男子在不同的手臂上捉住後,在炭火坑上燒、遍燒。同樣的,大德!在我的身體中有激烈的熱病。
大德!不能被我忍受,不能被[我]維持,我強烈苦的感受增進、不減退,增進的結局被知道,非減退。」那時,世尊對尊者帕辜那以法說開示、勸導、鼓勵、
使歡喜後,從座位起來後離開。
那時,當世尊離開不久,尊者帕辜那命終。而在他命終時,他的諸根變得明淨。那時,尊者阿難去見世尊。抵達後,向世尊問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的尊者阿難對世尊說這個:「大德!當世尊離開不久,尊者帕辜那命終。而在他命終時,他的諸根變得明淨。」
「阿難!帕辜那
比丘的諸根為何不變得明淨!阿難!帕辜那比丘的心未從
五下分結被解脫,聽聞那個法的教說後,他的心從五下分被結解脫。
阿難!在適當時機法的聽聞、適當時機義理的考察上有這六種效益,哪六種?阿難!這裡,比丘的心未從五下分結被解脫,在他死時,他得到
如來的看見,如來對他教導開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的;
有意義的、
有文字的法,說明完全圓滿、
遍純淨的梵行,聽聞那個法的教說後,他的心從五下分被結解脫。阿難!這是在適當時機聽聞法上第一種效益。
再者,阿難!比丘的心未從五下分結被解脫,在他死時,他沒得到如來的看見,但得到如來弟子的看見,如來弟子對他教導開頭是善的、中間是善的、結尾是善的;有意義的、有文字的法,他說明完全圓滿、遍純淨的梵行,聽聞那個法的教說後,他的心從五下分被結解脫。阿難!這是在適當時機聽聞法上第二種效益。
再者,阿難!比丘的心未從五下分結被解脫,在他死時,既沒得到如來的看見,也沒得到如來弟子的看見,然而他對如聽聞的、如學得的法以心隨尋思、
隨伺察、以意隨觀察,當對如聽聞的、如學得的法以心隨尋思、隨伺察、以意隨觀察時,他的心從五下分結被解脫。阿難!這是在適當時機聽聞法上第三種效益。
阿難!這裡,比丘的心從五下分結被解脫,但在無上的
依著之滅盡上心未被解脫,在他死時,他得到如來的看見,如來對他教導開頭是善的、中間是善的……(中略)說明……梵行,聽聞那個法的教說後,在無上的依著之滅盡上他的心被解脫。阿難!這是在適當時機聽聞法上第四種效益。
再者,阿難!比丘的心從五下分結被解脫,但在無上的依著之滅盡上心未被解脫,在他死時,他沒得到如來的看見,但得到如來弟子的看見,如來弟子對他教導開頭是善的……(中略)說明……遍純淨的梵行,聽聞那個法的教說後,在無上的依著之滅盡上他的心被解脫。阿難!這是在適當時機聽聞法上第五種效益。
再者,阿難!比丘的心從五下分結被解脫,但在無上的依著之滅盡上心未被解脫,在他死時,既沒得到如來的看見,也沒得到如來弟子的看見,然而他對如聽聞的、如學得的法以心隨尋思、隨伺察、以意隨觀察,當對如聽聞的、如學得的法以心隨尋思、隨伺察、以意隨觀察時,在無上的依著之滅盡上他的心被解脫。阿難!這是在適當時機聽聞法上第六種效益。阿難!這是在適當時機法的聽聞、適當時機義理的考察上六種效益。」
AN.6.56/ 2. Phaggunasuttaṃ
56. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā phagguno ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “āyasmā, bhante, phagguno ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Sādhu, bhante bhagavā yenāyasmā phagguno tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā phagguno tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho āyasmā phagguno bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna mañcake samadhosi. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ phaggunaṃ etadavoca– “alaṃ, phagguna, mā tvaṃ mañcake samadhosi. Santimāni āsanāni parehi paññattāni, tatthāhaṃ nisīdissāmī”ti. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ phaggunaṃ etadavoca –
“Kacci te, phagguna, khamanīyaṃ kacci yāpanīyaṃ? Kacci te dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo”ti? “Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo.
“Seyyathāpi, bhante, balavā puriso tiṇhena sikharena muddhani abhimattheyya; evamevaṃ kho me, bhante, adhimattā vātā muddhani ūhananti. Na me, bhante, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo.
“Seyyathāpi, bhante, balavā puriso daḷhena varattakkhaṇḍena sīsaveṭhanaṃ dadeyya; evamevaṃ kho me, bhante, adhimattā sīse sīsavedanā. Na me, bhante, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo.
“Seyyathāpi, bhante, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā tiṇhena govikantanena kucchiṃ parikanteyya; evamevaṃ kho me, bhante, adhimattā vātā kucchiṃ parikantanti. Na me, bhante, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo.
“Seyyathāpi, bhante, dve balavanto purisā dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ nānābāhāsu gahetvā aṅgārakāsuyā santāpeyyuṃ samparitāpeyyuṃ; evamevaṃ kho me, bhante, adhimatto kāyasmiṃ ḍāho. Na me, bhante, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo”ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ phaggunaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
Atha kho āyasmā phagguno acirapakkantassa bhagavato kālamakāsi. Tamhi cassa samaye maraṇakāle indriyāni vippasīdiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “āyasmā, bhante, phagguno acirapakkantassa bhagavato kālamakāsi. Tamhi cassa samaye maraṇakāle indriyāni vippasīdiṃsū”ti.
“Kiṃ hānanda, phaggunassa bhikkhuno indriyāni na vippasīdissanti! Phaggunassa, ānanda, bhikkhuno pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ avimuttaṃ ahosi. Tassa taṃ dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ.
“Chayime, ānanda, ānisaṃsā kālena dhammassavane kālena atthupaparikkhāya. Katame cha? Idhānanda, bhikkhuno pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ avimuttaṃ hoti. So tamhi samaye maraṇakāle labhati tathāgataṃ dassanāya. Tassa tathāgato dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Tassa taṃ dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, paṭhamo ānisaṃso kālena dhammassavane.
“Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhuno pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ avimuttaṃ hoti. So tamhi samaye maraṇakāle na heva kho labhati tathāgataṃ dassanāya, api ca kho tathāgatasāvakaṃ labhati dassanāya. Tassa tathāgatasāvako dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Tassa taṃ dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, dutiyo ānisaṃso kālena dhammassavane.
“Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhuno pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ avimuttaṃ hoti. So tamhi samaye maraṇakāle na heva kho labhati tathāgataṃ dassanāya, napi tathāgatasāvakaṃ labhati dassanāya; api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Tassa yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato manasānupekkhato pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ vimuccati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, tatiyo ānisaṃso kālena atthupaparikkhāya.
“Idhānanda bhikkhuno pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, anuttare ca kho upadhisaṅkhaye cittaṃ avimuttaṃ hoti. So tamhi samaye maraṇakāle labhati tathāgataṃ dassanāya. Tassa tathāgato dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ …pe… brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Tassa taṃ dhammadesanaṃ sutvā anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye cittaṃ vimuccati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, catuttho ānisaṃso kālena dhammassavane.
“Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhuno pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, anuttare ca kho upadhisaṅkhaye cittaṃ avimuttaṃ hoti. So tamhi samaye maraṇakāle na heva kho labhati tathāgataṃ dassanāya, api ca kho tathāgatasāvakaṃ labhati dassanāya. Tassa tathāgatasāvako dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ …pe… parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Tassa taṃ dhammadesanaṃ sutvā anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye cittaṃ vimuccati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, pañcamo ānisaṃso kālena dhammassavane.
“Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhuno pañcahi orambhāgiyehi saṃyojanehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ hoti, anuttare ca kho upadhisaṅkhaye cittaṃ avimuttaṃ hoti. So tamhi samaye maraṇakāle na heva kho labhati tathāgataṃ dassanāya, napi tathāgatasāvakaṃ labhati dassanāya; api ca kho yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Tassa yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato manasānupekkhato anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye cittaṃ vimuccati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, chaṭṭho ānisaṃso kālena atthupaparikkhāya. Ime kho, ānanda, cha ānisaṃsā kālena dhammassavane kālena atthupaparikkhāyā”ti. Dutiyaṃ.