增支部6集44經/鹿屋經(莊春江譯)
那時,
尊者阿難午前時穿衣、拿起衣鉢後,去鹿屋
優婆夷的住處。抵達後,在設置的座位坐下。
那時,鹿屋優婆夷去見尊者阿難。抵達後,向尊者阿難
問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的鹿屋優婆夷對尊者阿難說這個:
「阿難
大德!這被
世尊教導的法如何能了知呢?所謂:
梵行者與非梵行者兩者死後都有相同的
趣處。
大德!我父親富蘭那是梵行者、行遠離者、戒絕婬欲俗法者,他死後,世尊
記說:『他為
一來者,已往生為兜率天之眾生。』大德!
我伯父梨師達多是知足於自己妻子的非梵行者,他死後,世尊也記說:『他已達到一來者,已往生兜率天。』
阿難大德!這被世尊教導的法如何能了知呢?所謂:梵行者與非梵行者兩者死後都有相同的趣處。」
「但,姊妹!世尊就是這麼記說的。」
那時,尊者阿難在鹿屋優婆夷住處取了
施食後,從座位起來後離開。
那時,尊者阿難
餐後已從施食返回,去見世尊。抵達後,向世尊問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的尊者阿難對世尊說這個:
「大德!這裡,我午前時穿衣、拿起衣鉢後,去鹿屋優婆夷的住處。抵達後,在設置的座位坐下。大德!那時,鹿屋優婆夷去見我。抵達後,向我問訊後,在一旁坐下。大德!在一旁坐下的鹿屋優婆夷對我說這個:『阿難大德!這被世尊教導的法如何能了知呢?所謂:梵行者與非梵行者兩者死後都有相同的趣處。大德!我父親富蘭那是梵行者、行遠離者、戒絕婬欲俗法者,他死後,世尊記說:「他為一來者,已往生為兜率天之眾生。」大德!我伯父梨師達多是知足於自己妻子的非梵行者,他死後,世尊也記說:「他已達到一來者,已往生兜率天。」阿難大德!這被世尊教導的法如何能了知呢?所謂:梵行者與非梵行者兩者死後都有相同的趣處。』大德!在這麼說時,我對鹿屋優婆夷說這個:『但,姊妹!世尊就是這麼記說的。』」
「阿難!誰是無知、不聰明的女人、
女人之想的鹿屋優婆夷啊?而誰有分辨人上下之智啊?
阿難!現在的世間中存在著這六種人,哪六種?
阿難!這裡,某人是溫雅的、愉快的共住者,
同梵行者歡喜與他共一住處,他不聽聞、不博識、見解不通達、不得
暫時的解脫,他以身體的崩解,死後來到退失而非勝進;是退失者而非勝進者。
阿難!又,這裡,某人是溫雅的、愉快的共住者,同梵行者歡喜與他共一住處,他聽聞、博識、見解通達、得暫時的解脫,他以身體的崩解,死後來到勝進而非退失;是勝進者而非退失者。
阿難!在那裡,衡量者衡量:『此法如此,他法也如此,為何一下劣一勝妙?』阿難!這確實有他長久的不利、苦。
阿難!在那裡,凡這個人是溫雅的、愉快的共住者,同梵行者歡喜與他共一住處,他聽聞、博識、見解通達、得暫時的解脫者,阿難!這個人比先前那個人更卓越、更勝妙,那是什麼原因?阿難!因為法流拔出此人,這中間除了
如來以外,誰能了知呢?
阿難!因此,在這裡,你不要成為對於人的衡量者,你不要作對於人的衡量,阿難!當作對於人的衡量時,他傷害自己,阿難!我或其他如我者能作對於人的衡量。
阿難!又,這裡,某人是易怒的與慢的,常常生起
貪法,他不聽聞、不博識、見解不通達、不得暫時的解脫,他以身體的崩解,死後來到退失而非勝進;是退失者而非勝進者。
阿難!又,這裡,某人是易怒的與慢的,常常生起貪法,他聽聞……(中略)而非退失者。
阿難!在那裡,衡量者衡量:……(中略)我或其他如我者能作對於人的衡量。
阿難!又,這裡,某人是易怒的與慢的,常常生起語行,他不聽聞……(中略)不得暫時的解脫,他以身體的崩解,死後來到退失而非勝進;是退失者而非勝進者。
阿難!又,這裡,某人是易怒的與慢的,常常生起語行,他聽聞、博識、見解通達、得暫時的解脫,他以身體的崩解,死後來到勝進而非退失;是勝進者而非退失者。
阿難!在那裡,衡量者衡量:『此法如此,他法也如此,為何一下劣一勝妙?』阿難!這確實有他長久的不利、苦。
阿難!在那裡,凡人易怒與慢,常常生起語行,他聽聞、博識、見解通達、得暫時的解脫者,阿難!這個人比先前那個人更卓越、更勝妙,那是什麼原因?阿難!因為法流拔出此人,這中間除了如來以外,誰能了知呢?
阿難!因此,在這裡,你不要成為對於人的衡量者,你不要作對於人的衡量,阿難!當作對於人的衡量時,他傷害自己,阿難!我或其他如我者能作對於人的衡量。
阿難!誰是無知、不聰明的女人、女人之想的鹿屋優婆夷啊?而誰有分辨人上下之智啊?
阿難!這些是現在的世間中存在著的六種人。
阿難!如果梨師達多具備如富蘭那所具備那樣的戒,這裡,富蘭那不會有同梨師達多的趣處;如果富蘭那具備如梨師達多所具備那樣的慧,這裡,梨師達多不會有同富蘭那的趣處,阿難!像這樣,這兩人各有一部分欠缺。」
AN.6.44/ 2. Migasālāsuttaṃ
44. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena migasālāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho migasālā upāsikā yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho migasālā upāsikā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca–
“Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāyaṃ Pitā me, bhante, purāṇo brahmacārī ahosi ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. So kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmisatto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Petteyyopi me, bhante, isidatto abrahmacārī ahosi sadārasantuṭṭho. Sopi kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmipatto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāyan”ti? “Evaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhagini, bhagavatā byākatan”ti.
Atha kho āyasmā ānando migasālāya upāsikāya nivesane piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–
“Idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena migasālāya upāsikāya nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdiṃ. Atha kho, bhante, migasālā upāsikā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho, bhante, migasālā upāsikā maṃ etadavoca – ‘kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāyaṃ. Pitā me, bhante, purāṇo brahmacārī ahosi ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. So kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmipatto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Petteyyopi me, bhante, isidatto abrahmacārī ahosi sadārasantuṭṭho. Sopi kālaṅkato bhagavatā byākato sakadāgāmipatto tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapannoti. Kathaṃ kathaṃ nāmāyaṃ, bhante ānanda, bhagavatā dhammo desito aññeyyo, yatra hi nāma brahmacārī ca abrahmacārī ca ubho samasamagatikā bhavissanti abhisamparāyan’ti? Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, bhante, migasālaṃ upāsikaṃ etadavocaṃ– ‘evaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhagini, bhagavatā byākatan’”ti.
“Kā cānanda, migasālā upāsikā bālā abyattā ammakā ammakasaññā, ke ca purisapuggalaparopariyañāṇe? Chayime, ānanda, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
“Katame cha? Idhānanda, ekacco puggalo sorato hoti sukhasaṃvāso, abhinandanti sabrahmacārī ekattavāsena. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti no visesāya, hānagāmīyeva hoti no visesagāmī.
“Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo sorato hoti sukhasaṃvāso, abhinandanti sabrahmacārī ekattavāsena. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti no hānāya, visesagāmīyeva hoti no hānagāmī.
“Tatrānanda, pamāṇikā pamiṇanti– ‘imassapi teva dhammā aparassapi teva dhammā, kasmā tesaṃ eko hīno eko paṇīto’ti! Tañhi tesaṃ, ānanda, hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
“Tatrānanda yvāyaṃ puggalo sorato hoti sukhasaṃvāso, abhinandanti sabrahmacārī ekattavāsena, tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. Ayaṃ ānanda puggalo amunā purimena puggalena abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imaṃ hānanda, puggalaṃ dhammasoto nibbahati, tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatena! Tasmātihānanda, mā puggalesu pamāṇikā ahuvattha; mā puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhittha. Khaññati hānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhanto. Ahaṃ vā, ānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ, yo vā panassa mādiso.
“Idha panānanda, ekaccassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa lobhadhammā uppajjanti. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi akataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi appaṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti no visesāya, hānagāmīyeva hoti no visesagāmī.
“Idha panānanda, ekaccassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa lobhadhammā uppajjanti. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti …pe… no hānagāmī.
“Tatrānanda pamāṇikā pamiṇanti …pe… yo vā panassa mādiso.
“Idha, panānanda, ekaccassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa vacīsaṅkhārā uppajjanti. Tassa savanenapi akataṃ hoti …pe… sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ na labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā hānāya pareti no visesāya, hānagāmīyeva hoti no visesagāmī.
“Idha panānanda, ekaccassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa vacīsaṅkhārā uppajjanti. Tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā visesāya pareti no hānāya, visesagāmīyeva hoti no hānagāmī.
“Tatrānanda pamāṇikā pamiṇanti– ‘imassapi teva dhammā, aparassapi teva dhammā. Kasmā tesaṃ eko hīno, eko paṇīto’ti? Tañhi tesaṃ, ānanda, hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
“Tatrānanda, yassa puggalassa kodhamāno adhigato hoti, samayena samayañcassa vacīsaṅkhārā uppajjanti, tassa savanenapi kataṃ hoti, bāhusaccenapi kataṃ hoti, diṭṭhiyāpi paṭividdhaṃ hoti, sāmāyikampi vimuttiṃ labhati. Ayaṃ, ānanda, puggalo amunā purimena puggalena abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imaṃ hānanda, puggalaṃ dhammasoto nibbahati. Tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatena! Tasmātihānanda, mā puggalesu pamāṇikā ahuvattha; mā puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhittha. Khaññati hānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇhanto. Ahaṃ vā, ānanda, puggalesu pamāṇaṃ gaṇheyyaṃ, yo vā panassa mādiso.
“Kā cānanda, migasālā upāsikā bālā abyattā ammakā ammakasaññā, ke ca purisapuggalaparopariyañāṇe! Ime kho, ānanda, cha puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
“Yathārūpena, ānanda, sīlena purāṇo samannāgato ahosi, tathārūpena sīlena isidatto samannāgato abhavissa. Nayidha purāṇo isidattassa gatimpi aññassa. Yathārūpāya ca, ānanda, paññāya isidatto samannāgato ahosi, tathārūpāya paññāya purāṇo samannāgato abhavissa. Nayidha isidatto purāṇassa gatimpi aññassa. Iti kho, ānanda, ime puggalā ubho ekaṅgahīnā”ti. Dutiyaṃ.