增支部3集92經/勝葛哇經(莊春江譯)[SA.830]
有一次,在憍薩羅進行遊行的
世尊與大
比丘僧團一起抵達名叫勝葛哇的憍薩羅城鎮,在那裡,世尊住在那個勝葛哇。當時,名叫迦葉氏的比丘是勝葛哇的
舊住者。在那裡,世尊以
學處關聯的對比丘們開示、勸導、鼓勵、
使歡喜。那時,在世尊以學處關聯的對比丘們開示、勸導、鼓勵、使歡喜時,迦葉氏比丘就有
不堪忍,有不滿:『這位沙門太嚴格(太禁欲)。』那時,世尊如其意地住在勝葛哇後,向王舍城出發遊行。次第進行遊行地抵達王舍城,在那裡,世尊住在那個王舍城。
那時,當世尊離開不久,迦葉氏比丘就有後悔、追悔:「確實是我的無利得,確實不是我的利得;確實是我的惡得的,確實不是我的善得的:凡在世尊以學處關聯的對比丘們開示、勸導、鼓勵、使歡喜時,我就有不堪忍,有不滿:『這位沙門太嚴格。』讓我去見世尊,抵達後,在世尊的面前懺悔過失為過失。」那時,迦葉氏比丘收起臥坐具、拿起衣鉢後,向王舍城出發。次第地向王舍城、向
耆闍崛山去見世尊。抵達後,向世尊
問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的迦葉氏比丘對世尊說這個:
「
大德!有這一次,
世尊住在勝葛哇,名叫勝葛哇的憍薩羅城鎮。大德!在那裡,世尊以學處關聯的對比丘們開示、勸導、鼓勵、使歡喜。在世尊以學處關聯的對比丘們開示、勸導、鼓勵、使歡喜時,那個我就有不堪忍,有不滿:『這位沙門太嚴格。』那時,世尊如其意地住在勝葛哇後,向王舍城出發遊行。大德!那時,當世尊離開不久,那個我就有後悔、追悔:『確實是我的無利得,確實不是我的利得;確實是我的惡得的,確實不是我的善得的:凡在世尊以學處關聯的對比丘們開示、勸導、鼓勵、使歡喜時,我就有不堪忍,有不滿:「這位沙門太嚴格。」』讓我去見世尊,抵達後,在世尊的面前懺悔過失為過失。大德!罪過征服如是愚的、如是愚昧的、如是不善的我:凡在世尊以學處關聯的對比丘們開示、勸導、鼓勵、使歡喜時,我就有不堪忍,有不滿:『這位沙門太嚴格了。』大德!為了未來的
自制,請世尊接受那個我的罪過為罪過。」
「迦葉!確實,罪過征服如是愚的、如是愚昧的、如是不善的你:凡在我以學處關聯的對比丘們開示、勸導、鼓勵、使歡喜時,你就有不堪忍,有不滿:『這位沙門太嚴格。』迦葉!但由於你看見罪過為罪過後如法懺悔,我們接受你的那個[懺悔]。迦葉!在聖者之律中這是增長:凡看見罪過為罪過後如法懺悔,未來來到自制。
迦葉!如果
上座比丘是不想要學者、非學的
受持之稱讚者,以及凡其他不想要學的比丘們,對他們也不在學上勸導,以及凡其他想要學的比丘們,對他們也不真實地、如實地、適時地稱讚,迦葉!我不稱讚像這樣的上座比丘,那是什麼原因?因為,『大師稱讚他。』其他比丘們
會親近他,凡親近他,他們對他會來到跟隨所見,凡對他會來到跟隨所見,『他對他們會有長久的不利、苦。』迦葉!因此,我不稱讚像這樣的上座比丘。
迦葉!如果中臘比丘也是……(中略)迦葉!如果新比丘也是不想要學者、非學的受持之稱讚者,以及凡其他不想要學的比丘們,對他們也不在學上勸導,以及凡其他想要學的比丘們,對他們也不真實地、如實地、適時地稱讚,迦葉!我不稱讚像這樣的新比丘,那是什麼原因?因為,『大師稱讚他。』其他比丘們會親近他,凡親近他,他們對他會來到跟隨所見,凡對他會來到跟隨所見,『他對他們會有長久的不利、苦。』迦葉!因此,我不稱讚像這樣的新比丘。
迦葉!如果上座比丘是想要學者、學的受持之稱讚者,以及凡其他不想要學的比丘們,對他們也在學上勸導,以及凡其他想要學的比丘們,對他們也真實地、如實地、適時地稱讚,迦葉!我稱讚像這樣的上座比丘,那是什麼原因?因為,『大師稱讚他。』其他比丘們會親近他,凡親近他,他們對他會來到跟隨所見,凡對他會來到跟隨所見,『他對他們會有長久的利益、安樂。』迦葉!因此,我稱讚像這樣的上座比丘。
迦葉!如果中臘比丘也是……(中略)迦葉!如果新比丘也是想要學者、學的受持之稱讚者,以及凡其他不想要學的比丘們,對他們也在學上勸導,以及凡其他想要學的比丘們,對他們也真實地、如實地、適時地稱讚,迦葉!我稱讚像這樣的新比丘,那是什麼原因?因為,『大師稱讚他。』其他比丘們會親近他,凡親近他,他們對他會來到跟隨所見,凡對他會來到跟隨所見,『他對他們會有長久的利益、安樂。』迦葉!因此,我稱讚像這樣的新比丘。」
沙門品第九,其
攝頌:
「沙門、驢子、田,跋耆族之子與有學者,
以及學三說,二則學與勝葛哇。」
AN.3.92/
11. Saṅkavāsuttaṃ
92. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena saṅkavā nāma kosalānaṃ nigamo tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ viharati. Tena kho pana samayena kassapagotto nāma bhikkhu saṅkavāyaṃ āvāsiko hoti. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Atha kho kassapagottassa bhikkhuno bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo– “adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo”ti. Atha kho bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena rājagahaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati.
Atha kho kassapagottassa bhikkhuno acirapakkantassa bhagavato ahudeva kukkuccaṃ ahu vippaṭisāro– “alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike accayaṃ accayato deseyyan”ti. Atha kho kassapagotto bhikkhu senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena rājagahaṃ tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena rājagahaṃ yena gijjhakūṭo pabbato yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kassapagotto bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–
“Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ viharati, saṅkavā nāma kosalānaṃ nigamo. Tatra, bhante, bhagavā sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tassa mayhaṃ bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Atha kho bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, acirapakkantassa bhagavato ahudeva kukkuccaṃ ahu vippaṭisāro– alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike accayaṃ accayato deseyyanti. Accayo maṃ, bhante accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathā-akusalaṃ yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Tassa me, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu, āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā”ti.
“Taggha taṃ, kassapa, accayo accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathā-akusalaṃ, yassa te mayi sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo– ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yato ca kho tvaṃ, kassapa, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarosi, taṃ te mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhihesā, kassapa, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.
“Thero cepi kassapa, bhikkhu hoti na sikkhākāmo na sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca na sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, therassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa therassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.
“Majjhimo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti …pe… navo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti na sikkhākāmo na sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca na sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, navassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa navassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.
“Thero cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, therassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa therassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.
“Majjhimo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo …pe… navo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, navassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa navassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmī”ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
Samaṇavaggo navamo.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Samaṇo gadrabho khettaṃ, vajjiputto ca sekkhakaṃ;
Tayo ca sikkhanā vuttā, dve sikkhā saṅkavāya cāti.