增支部3集34經/因由經(莊春江譯)
「
比丘們!有這三個業
集的因由,哪三個?貪是業集的因由、瞋是業集的因由、癡是業集的因由。
比丘們!凡貪造作的、貪生的、貪為因由、貪為集的業:在這位的個體出生之處,在那裡那個業成熟;在那個業成熟之處,在那裡感受他的業的果報,在當生中,或往生後,或在隨後的期間中。
比丘們!凡瞋造作的、瞋生的、瞋為因由、瞋為集的業:在這位的個體出生之處,在那裡那個業成熟;在那個業成熟之處,在那裡感受他的業的果報,在當生中,或往生後,或在隨後的期間中。
比丘們!凡癡造作的、癡生的、癡為因由、癡為集的業:在這位的個體出生之處,在那裡那個業成熟;在那個業成熟之處,在那裡感受他的業的果報,在當生中,或往生後,或在隨後的期間中。
比丘們!猶如無毀壞的、無腐爛的、無風吹日曬破壞的、新成熟的、安全播下的種子,被播種在良田、善作準備的土地中,且天適當地隨給與水流,比丘們!這樣,那些種子來到成長、增長、成滿。同樣的,比丘們!凡貪造作的、貪生的、貪為因由、貪為集的業:在這位的個體出生之處,在那裡那個業成熟;在那個業成熟之處,在那裡感受他的業的果報,在當生中,或往生後,或在隨後的期間中。凡瞋造作的……(中略)凡癡造作的、癡生的、癡為因由、癡為集的業:在這位的個體出生之處,在那裡那個業成熟;在那個業成熟之處,在那裡感受他的業的果報,在當生中,或往生後,或在隨後的期間中。比丘們!這是三個業集的因由。
比丘們!有這三個業集的因由,哪三個?無貪是業集的因由、無瞋是業集的因由、無癡是業集的因由。
比丘們!凡無貪造作的、無貪生的、無貪為因由、無貪為集的業:在貪已離去時,這樣,那個業被捨斷,根已被切斷,
[如]已斷根的棕櫚樹,
成為非有,
為未來不生之物。
比丘們!凡無瞋造作的、無瞋生的、無瞋為因由、無瞋為集的業:在瞋已離去時,這樣,那個業被捨斷,根已被切斷,[如]已斷根的棕櫚樹,成為非有,為未來不生之物。
比丘們!凡無癡造作的、無癡生的、無癡為因由、無癡為集的業:在癡已離去時,這樣,那個業被捨斷,根已被切斷,[如]已斷根的棕櫚樹,成為非有,為未來不生之物。
比丘們!猶如無毀壞的、無腐爛的、無風吹日曬破壞的、新成熟的、安全播下的種子,男子以火燃燒它們,以火燃燒後轉成(作)灰,轉成灰後在大風處暴露,或在河中急流處沖走,比丘們!這樣,那些種子根已被切斷,[如]已斷根的棕櫚樹,成為非有,為未來不生之物。同樣的,比丘們!凡無貪造作的、無貪生的、無貪為因由、無貪為集的業:在貪已離去時,這樣,那個業被捨斷,根已被切斷,[如]已斷根的棕櫚樹,成為非有,為未來不生之物。凡無瞋造作的……(中略)凡無癡造作的、無癡生的、無癡為因由、無癡為集的業:在癡已離去時,這樣,那個業被捨斷,根已被切斷,[如]已斷根的棕櫚樹,成為非有,為未來不生之物。比丘們!這是三個業集的因由。」
「貪生的連同瞋生的,以及癡生的,
凡無智者以那個造作的業,不論少或多,
就在這裡它能被感受,其他場合不被發現。
因此貪生的與瞋生的,以及癡生的,
智者、生起明的比丘,會捨棄一切
惡趣。」
AN.3.34/ 4. Nidānasuttaṃ
34. “Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, nidānāni kammānaṃ samudayāya. Katamāni tīṇi? Lobho nidānaṃ kammānaṃ samudayāya, doso nidānaṃ kammānaṃ samudayāya, moho nidānaṃ kammānaṃ samudayāya.
“Yaṃ, bhikkhave, lobhapakataṃ kammaṃ lobhajaṃ lobhanidānaṃ lobhasamudayaṃ, yatthassa attabhāvo nibbattati tattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati. Yattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati tattha tassa kammassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye.
“Yaṃ bhikkhave, dosapakataṃ kammaṃ dosajaṃ dosanidānaṃ dosasamudayaṃ, yatthassa attabhāvo nibbattati tattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati. Yattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati tattha tassa kammassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye.
“Yaṃ, bhikkhave, mohapakataṃ kammaṃ mohajaṃ mohanidānaṃ mohasamudayaṃ, yatthassa attabhāvo nibbattati tattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati. Yattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati tattha tassa kammassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye.
“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, bījāni akhaṇḍāni apūtīni avātātapahatāni sārādāni sukhasayitāni sukhette suparikammakatāya bhūmiyā nikkhittāni. Devo ca sammādhāraṃ anuppaveccheyya. Evassu tāni, bhikkhave, bījāni vuddhiṃ viruḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjeyyuṃ. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ lobhapakataṃ kammaṃ lobhajaṃ lobhanidānaṃ lobhasamudayaṃ, yatthassa attabhāvo nibbattati tattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati. Yattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati tattha tassa kammassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye.
“Yaṃ dosapakataṃ kammaṃ …pe… yaṃ mohapakataṃ kammaṃ mohajaṃ mohanidānaṃ mohasamudayaṃ, yatthassa attabhāvo nibbattati tattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati. Yattha taṃ kammaṃ vipaccati tattha tassa kammassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi nidānāni kammānaṃ samudayāya.
“Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, nidānāni kammānaṃ samudayāya. Katamāni tīṇi? Alobho nidānaṃ kammānaṃ samudayāya, adoso nidānaṃ kammānaṃ samudayāya, amoho nidānaṃ kammānaṃ samudayāya.
“Yaṃ, bhikkhave, alobhapakataṃ kammaṃ alobhajaṃ alobhanidānaṃ alobhasamudayaṃ, lobhe vigate evaṃ taṃ kammaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti ucchinnamūlaṃ tālāvatthukataṃ anabhāvaṅkataṃ āyatiṃ anuppādadhammaṃ.
“Yaṃ, bhikkhave, adosapakataṃ kammaṃ adosajaṃ adosanidānaṃ adosasamudayaṃ, dose vigate evaṃ taṃ kammaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti ucchinnamūlaṃ tālāvatthukataṃ anabhāvaṅkataṃ āyatiṃ anuppādadhammaṃ.
“Yaṃ bhikkhave, amohapakataṃ kammaṃ amohajaṃ amohanidānaṃ amohasamudayaṃ, mohe vigate evaṃ taṃ kammaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti ucchinnamūlaṃ tālāvatthukataṃ anabhāvaṅkataṃ āyatiṃ anuppādadhammaṃ.
“Seyyathāpi bhikkhave, bījāni akhaṇḍāni apūtīni avātātapahatāni sārādāni sukhasayitāni. Tāni puriso agginā ḍaheyya. Agginā ḍahitvā masiṃ kareyya. Masiṃ karitvā mahāvāte vā ophuṇeyya nadiyā vā sīghasotāya pavāheyya. Evassu tāni, bhikkhave, bījāni ucchinnamūlāni tālāvatthukatāni anabhāvaṅkatāni āyatiṃ anuppādadhammāni. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ alobhapakataṃ kammaṃ alobhajaṃ alobhanidānaṃ alobhasamudayaṃ, lobhe vigate evaṃ taṃ kammaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti ucchinnamūlaṃ tālāvatthukataṃ anabhāvaṅkataṃ āyatiṃ anuppādadhammaṃ.
“Yaṃ adosapakataṃ kammaṃ …pe… yaṃ amohapakataṃ kammaṃ amohajaṃ amohanidānaṃ amohasamudayaṃ, mohe vigate evaṃ taṃ kammaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti …pe… āyatiṃ anuppādadhammaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi nidānāni kammānaṃ samudayāyā”ti.
“Lobhajaṃ dosajañceva, mohajañcāpaviddasu;
Yaṃ tena pakataṃ kammaṃ, appaṃ vā yadi vā bahuṃ.
Idheva taṃ vedaniyaṃ, vatthu aññaṃ na vijjati.
“Tasmā lobhañca dosañca, mohajañcāpi viddasu;
Vijjaṃ uppādayaṃ bhikkhu, sabbā duggatiyo jahe”ti. Catutthaṃ.