經號:   
   (長部11經 更新)
長部11經/給哇得經(戒蘊品[第一])(莊春江譯)[DA.24]
屋主之子給哇得的事
  被我這麼聽聞
  有一次世尊住在那難陀賣衣者的芒果園中。
  那時,屋主之子給哇得去見世尊。抵達後,向世尊問訊後,在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的屋主之子給哇得對世尊說這個:
  「大德!這那爛陀是繁榮的,同時也富裕的,以及人多的、人雜亂的、在世尊上極淨信的,大德!請世尊指示一位比丘作過人法的神通神變,那就好了!這那爛陀在世尊上將更多量地極淨信。」
  在這麼說時,世尊對屋主之子給哇得說這個:
  「給哇得!我不對比丘們教導這樣的法:『比丘們!來!請你們對白衣在家人作過人法的神通神變。』」(481)
  第二次,屋主之子給哇得又對世尊說這個:
  「大德!我非攻擊世尊,而是,我這麼說:『大德!這那爛陀是繁榮的,同時也富裕的,以及人多的、人雜亂的、在世尊上極淨信的,大德!請世尊指示一位比丘作過人法的神通神變,那就好了!這那爛陀在世尊上將更多量地極淨信。』」
  第二次,世尊又對屋主之子給哇得說這個:
  「給哇得!我不對比丘們教導這樣的法:『比丘們!來!請你們對白衣在家人作過人法的神通神變。』」
  第三次,屋主之子給哇得又對世尊說這個:
  「大德!我非攻擊世尊,而是,我這麼說:『大德!這那爛陀是繁榮的,同時也富裕的,以及人多的、人雜亂的、在世尊上極淨信的,大德!請世尊指示一位比丘作過人法的神通神變,那就好了!這那爛陀在世尊上將更多量地極淨信。』」(482)
神通神變
  「給哇得!有這三種神變被我以證智自作證後宣說,哪三種?神通神變、讀心(記心)神變、教誡神變。(483)
  給哇得!而什麼是神通神變呢?給哇得!這裡,比丘體驗各種神通種類:是一個後變成多個,又,是多個後變成一個;現身、隱身、穿牆、穿壘、穿山無阻礙地行走猶如在虛空中;在地中作浮沈猶如在水中,又,在不被破裂的水上行走猶如在地上;在空中以盤腿來去猶如有翅膀的鳥,又,以手碰觸、撫摸這些這麼大神通力、這麼大威力的日月;以身體行使自在直到梵天世界。
  某位對那個有信者、淨信者看見那位比丘正體驗著各種神通種類:是一個後變成多個,又,是多個後變成一個;現身、隱身、穿牆、穿壘、穿山無阻礙地行走猶如在虛空中;在地中作浮沈猶如在水中,又,在不被破裂的水上行走猶如在地上;在空中以盤腿來去猶如有翅膀的鳥,又,以手碰觸、撫摸這些這麼大神通力、這麼大威力的日月;以身體行使自在直到梵天世界。
  那位對那個有信者、淨信者告訴某位無信者、無淨信者:『實在不可思議啊,先生!實在未曾有啊,先生!沙門的大神通力狀態、大威力狀態:那個我看見比丘正體驗著各種神通種類:有了一個後變成多個,有了多個後變成一個……(中略)以身體行使自在直到梵天世界。』
  那位對那個無信者、無淨信者會對那位有信者、淨信者這麼說:『先生!有名叫見達哩的咒(明),以那個,那位比丘體驗各種神通種類:有了一個後變成多個,有了多個後變成一個……(中略)以身體行使自在直到梵天世界。』
  給哇得!你怎麼想它:是否那位對那個無信者、無淨信者會對那位有信者、淨信者這麼說呢?」「大德!會說。」「給哇得!看見在神通神變上這個過患的我以神通神變厭惡、羞恥、嫌惡。(484)
讀心神變
  給哇得!而什麼是讀心神變呢?給哇得!這裡,比丘告知其他眾生、其他個人的心,也告知心所,也告知所尋思的,也告知所伺察的:『你的意是這樣,及你的意是像這樣,及你的心是像這樣。』
  某位對那個有信者、淨信者看見那位比丘告知其他眾生、其他個人的心,也告知心所,也告知所尋思的,也告知所伺察的:『你的意是這樣,及你的意是像這樣,及你的心是像這樣。』那位對那個有信者、淨信者告訴某位無信者、無淨信者:『實在不可思議啊,先生!實在未曾有啊,先生!沙門的大神通力狀態、大威力狀態:那個我看見比丘告知其他眾生、其他個人的心,也告知心所,也告知所尋思的,也告知所伺察的:「你的意是這樣,及你的意是像這樣,及你的心是像這樣。」』
  那位對那個無信者、無淨信者會對那位有信者、淨信者這麼說:『先生!有名叫摩尼葛的咒,以那個,那位比丘知其他眾生、其他個人的心,也告知心所,也告知所尋思的,也告知所伺察的:「你的意是這樣,及你的意是像這樣,及你的心是像這樣。」』
  給哇得!你怎麼想它:是否那位對那個無信者、無淨信者會對那位有信者、淨信者這麼說呢?」「大德!會說。」「給哇得!看見在讀心神變上這個過患的我以讀心神變厭惡、羞恥、嫌惡。(485)
教誡神變
  給哇得!而什麼是教誡神變呢?給哇得!這裡,比丘這麼教誡:『你們要這麼尋思,你們不要這麼尋思;你們要這麼作意,你們不要這麼作意;你們要捨斷這個,你們要進入後住於這個。』給哇得!這被稱為教誡神變。
  再者,給哇得!這裡,如來阿羅漢遍正覺者……在世間出現……(中略)(在簡略中應該如同190-212[DN.2「更勝妙的沙門果」段落]使之被細說)給哇得!這樣,比丘是戒具足者。……(中略)進入後住於初禪,給哇得!這被稱為教誡神變。……(中略)第二禪……(中略)的第三禪……(中略)進入後住於第四禪,給哇得!這被稱為教誡神變。……(中略)他抽出心使轉向智與見……(中略)給哇得!這被稱為教誡神變。他知道:『出生已盡梵行已完成應該被作的已作不再有此處[輪迴]的狀態。』給哇得!這也被稱為教誡神變。給哇得!這三種神變被我以證智自作證後宣說。(486)
大種滅尋求者比丘的事
  給哇得!從前,就在這個比丘僧團中,某位比丘這樣心的深思生起:『這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?』(487)
  給哇得!那時,那位比丘進入像這樣的定,如是,在定中心中出現使至天的道路。給哇得!那時,那位比丘去見四大王天的天神們,抵達後,對四大王天的天神們說這個:『朋友們!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?』
  給哇得!在這麼說時,四大王天的天神們對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!我們也不知道這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處。比丘!有四大王,是比我們更優勝者與更勝妙者,他們應該知道這個:這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處。』(488)
  給哇得!那時,那位比丘去見四大王,抵達後,對四大王說這個:『朋友們!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?』給哇得!在這麼說時,四大王對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!我們也不知道這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處,比丘!有名叫三十三天天神們,是比我們更優勝者與更勝妙者,他們應該知道這個:這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處。』(489)
  給哇得!那時,那位比丘去見三十三天天神們,抵達後,對三十三天天神們說這個:『朋友們!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界,在哪裡無餘滅呢?』給哇得!在這麼說時,三十三天的天神對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!我們也不知道這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處,比丘!有名叫天帝釋,是比我們更優勝者與更勝妙者,他應該知道這個:這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處。』(490)
  給哇得!那時,那位比丘去見天帝釋,抵達後,對天帝釋說這個:『朋友!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?』給哇得!在這麼說時,天帝釋對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!我也不知道這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處,比丘!有名叫焰摩天的天神……(中略)名叫善焰摩的天子……名叫兜率天的天神……名叫滿足的天子……名叫化樂天的天神……名叫善化作的天子……名叫他化自在天的天神……名叫自在的天子,是比我們更優勝者與更勝妙者,他應該知道這個:這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界,無殘餘地被滅之處。』(491)
  給哇得!那時,那位比丘去見自在天子,抵達後,對自在天子說這個:『朋友!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?』給哇得!在這麼說時,自在天子對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!我也不知道這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處,比丘!有名叫梵眾天的天神們,是比我們更優勝者與更勝妙者,他們應該知道這個:這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界,無殘餘地被滅之處。』(492)
  給哇得!那時,那位比丘入像這樣的定,如是,在定中心中出現使至梵天的道路,給哇得!那時,那位比丘去見梵眾天的天神們,抵達後,對梵眾天的天神們說這個:『朋友們!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?』給哇得!在這麼說時,梵眾天的天神對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!我們也不知道這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處,比丘!有梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者自在者主宰者、作者、化作者、最上的創造者、操縱者、已生者與能被出生者之父,是比我們更優勝者與更勝妙者,他應該知道這個:這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界,無殘餘地被滅之處。』
  『朋友們!那麼,現在那位大梵天在哪裡?』『比丘!我們也不知道梵天之處,或去梵天之處,或梵天在哪裡,比丘!但如是諸相被看見:光明被生,光亮出現,梵天將出現,因為這是梵天出現的前相,即:光明被生,光亮出現。』給哇得!那時,那位大梵天不久就出現。(493)
  給哇得!那時,那位比丘去見那位大梵天,抵達後,對那位大梵天說這個:『朋友!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?』給哇得!在這麼說時,那位大梵天對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!我是梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰者、作者、化作者、最上的創造者、操縱者、已生者與能被出生者之父。』
  給哇得!第二次,那位比丘又對那位大梵天說這個:『朋友!我不這麼問你:「你是梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰者、作者、化作者、最上的創造者、操縱者、已生者與能被出生者之父。」朋友!但我這麼問你:「朋友!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?」』
  給哇得!第二次,那位大梵天又對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!我是梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰者、作者、化作者、最上的創造者、操縱者、已生者與能被出生者之父。』給哇得!第三次,那位比丘又對那位大梵天說這個:『朋友!我不這麼問你:「你是梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、全見者、自在者、主宰者、作者、化作者、最上的創造者、操縱者、已生者與能被出生者之父。」朋友!但我這麼問你:「朋友!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?」』(494)
  給哇得!那時,那位大梵天在手臂捉住那位比丘後,離開在一旁後,對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!這些梵眾天的天神們這麼知道我:「沒有任何梵天不知道的,沒有任何梵天沒見過的,沒有任何梵天未發現的,沒有任何梵天未作證的。」因此,我在他們的面前不回答。比丘!我也不知道這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界無殘餘地被滅之處,比丘!因此,在這裡,這就是你的惡作,這就是你的罪過:凡你越過那位世尊後,在外面來到遍求這個問題的解答。比丘!請你去,就去見那位世尊後,請你問這個問題,而你應該如世尊為你解答那樣憶持它。』(495)
  給哇得!那時,那位比丘就猶如有力氣的男子伸直彎曲的手臂,或彎曲伸直的手臂,就像這樣在梵天世界消失,出現在我的面前。給哇得!那時,那位比丘向我問訊後,在一旁坐下。給哇得!在一旁坐下的那位比丘對我說這個:『大德!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?』(496)
尋岸鳥的譬喻
  給哇得!在這麼說時,我對那位比丘說這個:『比丘!從前,航海的商人們取尋岸鳥後,以船進入海洋,在未看見岸時,他們釋放尋岸鳥。牠就走到東方,走到南方,走到西方,走到北方,走到上方,走到四方的中間方。如果牠無論在何處看見岸,就成為像這樣去者。但如果牠無論在何處沒看見岸,就返回那艘船[AN.6.54]。同樣的,比丘!當你直到梵天世界為止遍求這個問題的解答未得到時,那時,就返回在我的面前。比丘!這個問題不應該被這麼問:「大德!這四大,即:地界、水界、火界、風界在哪裡無餘滅呢?」(497)
  比丘!而這個問題應該被這麼問:
  「在哪裡水與地,火與風不堅立(堅固站立)?
   在哪裡長與短,細粗、淨不淨,
   在哪裡名與色,被破滅無餘?」(498)
  在那裡,解答是:
  「識是不顯現的,無邊的、全面光明的[MN.49],
   在這裡水與地,火、風不堅立。
   在這裡長與短,細粗、淨不淨,
   在這裡名與色,被破滅無餘,
   以識的滅,在這裡這個被破滅。」』」(499)
  世尊說這個,悅意的屋主之子給哇得歡喜世尊的所說。(500)
  給哇得經第十一終了。
DN.11/(11) Kevaṭṭasuttaṃ
Kevaṭṭagahapatiputtavatthu
   481. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati; evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī”ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca– “na kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karothā”ti.
   482. Dutiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “nāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dhaṃsemi; api ca, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati; evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’”ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca– “na kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karothā’”ti.
   Tatiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “nāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dhaṃsemi; api ca, evaṃ vadāmi– ‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati. Evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’ti.
Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ
   483. “Tīṇi kho imāni, kevaṭṭa, pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
   484. “Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
   “Tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ– ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamānaṃ gacchantaṃ seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karontaṃ seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchantaṃ seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamantaṃ seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasantaṃ parimajjantaṃ yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattentaṃ.
   “Tamenaṃ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti– ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṃ bhikkhuṃ addasaṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ– ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattentan’ti.
   “Tamenaṃ so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi kho, bho, gandhārī nāma vijjā. Tāya so bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti– ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetī’ti.
   “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyyā”ti? “Vadeyya, bhante”ti. “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno iddhipāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi”.
Ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ
   485. “Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati– ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’ti.
   “Tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisantaṃ, cetasikampi ādisantaṃ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṃ, vicāritampi ādisantaṃ– ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’ti. Tamenaṃ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti– ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṃ bhikkhuṃ addasaṃ parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisantaṃ, cetasikampi ādisantaṃ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṃ, vicāritampi ādisantaṃ– “evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’”ti.
   “Tamenaṃ so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi kho, bho, maṇikā nāma vijjā; tāya so bhikkhu parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati– ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’”ti.
   “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyyā”ti “Vadeyya, bhante”ti. “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno ādesanāpāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi”.
Anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ
   486. “Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu evamanusāsati– ‘evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha, evaṃ manasikarotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha, idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
   “Puna caparaṃ, kevaṭṭa, idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho …pe… (yathā 190-212anucchedesu evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti …pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ …pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ …pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti …pe… idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ …pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti …pe… idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
   “Imāni kho, kevaṭṭa, tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni”.
Bhūtanirodhesakabhikkhuvatthu
   487. “Bhūtapubbaṃ, kevaṭṭa, imasmiññeva bhikkhusaṅghe aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi– ‘kattha nu kho ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
   488. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte devayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cātumahārājikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cātumahārājike deve etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
   “Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cātumahārājikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, cattāro mahārājāno amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
   489. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cattāro mahārājāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattāro mahārāje etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cattāro mahārājāno taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, tāvatiṃsā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
   490. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena tāvatiṃsā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāvatiṃse deve etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, tāvatiṃsā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, sakko nāma devānamindo amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
   491. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena sakko devānamindo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, sakko devānamindo taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– ‘ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, yāmā nāma devā …pe… suyāmo nāma devaputto… tusitā nāma devā… santussito nāma devaputto… nimmānaratī nāma devā sunimmito nāma devaputto… paranimmitavasavattī nāma devā… vasavattī nāma devaputto amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
   492. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena vasavattī devaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vasavattiṃ devaputtaṃ etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte kevaṭṭa, vasavattī devaputto taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– ‘ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
   493. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte brahmayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena brahmakāyikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brahmakāyike deve etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, brahmakāyikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṃ amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū”ti.
   “‘Kahaṃ panāvuso, etarahi so mahābrahmā’ti? ‘Mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yattha vā brahmā yena vā brahmā yahiṃ vā brahmā; api ca, bhikkhu, yathā nimittā dissanti, āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati, brahmā pātubhavissati, brahmuno hetaṃ pubbanimittaṃ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṃ āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavatī’ti. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā nacirasseva pāturahosi
   494. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena so mahābrahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū”ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, so mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– ‘ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan’ti.
   “Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘na khohaṃ taṃ, āvuso, evaṃ pucchāmi– “tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan”ti. Evañca kho ahaṃ taṃ, āvuso, pucchāmi– “kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’”ti?
   “Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan’ti. Tatiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca– ‘na khohaṃ taṃ, āvuso, evaṃ pucchāmi– “tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan”ti. Evañca kho ahaṃ taṃ, āvuso, pucchāmi– “kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’”ti?
   495. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ apanetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca ‘ime kho maṃ, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā devā evaṃ jānanti, “natthi kiñci brahmuno aññātaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno adiṭṭhaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno aviditaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno asacchikatan”ti. Tasmāhaṃ tesaṃ sammukhā na byākāsiṃ. Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Tasmātiha, bhikkhu, tuyhevetaṃ dukkaṭaṃ, tuyhevetaṃ aparaddhaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ atidhāvitvā bahiddhā pariyeṭṭhiṃ āpajjasi imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Gaccha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, tameva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā imaṃ pañhaṃ puccha, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti, tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsī’ti.
   496. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu– seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva brahmaloke antarahito mama purato pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho, kevaṭṭa, so bhikkhu maṃ etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
Tīradassisakuṇupamā
   497. “Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhu, sāmuddikā vāṇijā tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ gahetvā nāvāya samuddaṃ ajjhogāhanti. Te atīradakkhiniyā nāvāya tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ muñcanti. So gacchateva puratthimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uttaraṃ disaṃ, gacchati uddhaṃ disaṃ, gacchati anudisaṃ. Sace so samantā tīraṃ passati, tathāgatakova hoti. Sace pana so samantā tīraṃ na passati, tameva nāvaṃ paccāgacchati. Evameva kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, yato yāva brahmalokā pariyesamāno imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇaṃ nājjhagā, atha mamaññeva santike paccāgato. Na kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo – ‘kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
   498. “Evañca kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho pucchitabbo–
   ‘Kattha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati;
   Kattha dīghañca rassañca, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ.
   Kattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhatī’ti.
   499. “Tatra veyyākaraṇaṃ bhavati–
   ‘Viññāṇaṃ anidassanaṃ, anantaṃ sabbatopabhaṃ;
   Ettha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati.
   Ettha dīghañca rassañca, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;
   Ettha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati.
   Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhatī’ti.
   500. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
   Kevaṭṭasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ ekādasamaṃ.
漢巴經文比對(莊春江作):